Generated by All in One SEO Pro v5.0.1.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Bakersfield Paralegal We do paperwork and much more. ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Trump DC Indictment](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/elementor-1573/) - On August 1, 2023, a federal grand jury in Washington D.C. indicted former President Donald Trump. The indictment includes four counts alleging violations of 18 USC 371 - Conspiracy to Defraud the United States 18 USC 1512(k) - Conspiracy to Obstruct Official Proceeding 18 USC 1512(c)(2) - Obstruction of and Attempt to Obstruct Official Proceeding - [Trump N.Y. State Indictment](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/trump-n-y-state-indictment/) - In April 2023, a New York State grand jury indicted former President Donald Trump. The indictment includes thirty-four counts, each alleging a violation of New York Penal Code section 175.10 - Falsifying Business Records. Click here to read a full copy of the indictment - [Trump Florida Indictment](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/trump-federal-indictment/) - Trump Indictment - No opinions. Just the facts - Southern District of Florida On June 8, 2023, a federal grand jury indicted former President Donald Trump. The indictment includes felony counts alleging the mishandling of classified documents, obstructing justice, and making false statements. Codefendant Waltine Torre Nauta, Jr., a personal valet to the former president, - [No Insurance, no pain? You be the judge](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/1029-2/) - The Facts Russell Glen Day was driving his motorcycle when a car driven by William Honda struck him in an intersection. Mr. Day then filed this action against Mr. Honda, the County of San Bernardino, and the City of Fontana. As against the city and county, Mr. Day alleged in part that the county and - [Cocaine Killing - You be the judge](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/cocaine-killing-you-be-the-judge/) - The Facts During the morning of April 13, 1996, Wanjiko Hardin ingested cocaine. While riding as a passenger in his cousin Eric Davis's car, Hardin became involved in a physical altercation with Davis. After rear-ending a car, Davis drove to a residential intersection in Berkeley, where he and Hardin continued to struggle. Hardin ran into - [Bar Fight - You be the judge](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/bar-fight/) - The Facts During the evening of January 19, 1999, off-duty deputies of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department attended a hockey game. Afterwards, four of the deputies went to Tam's Restaurant in Lynwood. Inside the restaurant, a patron began to harass and threaten them. The patron suddenly punched two of the deputies, causing them minor ## Pages - [Bakersfield Paralegal](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/) - Registered and Bonded Legal Document Assistance Bakersfield Paralegal & Legal Document Preparation California court paperwork prepared at your direction for family law, evictions, restraining orders, guardianships, conservatorships, probate, name changes, and related matters. - [Intake](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/intake/) - Intake Yes, you are in the right place. Multiple paralegals, Immigration Consultants, Legal Document Assistants, and others use a shared payment gateway. If this is your first visit, please read the disclaimers; otherwise, skip to the bottom to make a payment. Payments Use this page to send payments to one of the participating paralegals, private - [Intake](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/intake-2/) - Intake Yes, you are in the right place. Multiple paralegals, Immigration Consultants, Legal Document Assistants, and others use a shared payment gateway. Payments Use this page to send payments to one of the participating paralegals, private investigators, or law firms. DO NOT make a payment unless requested so we can ensure that your payment gets - [Support Cases](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/supportcases/) - Cases Discussing Support In re Marriage of Cheriton (2001) 92 Cal.App.4th 269: Children may share in an affluent parent's standard of living; broad statutory income, including stock options and investment income, must be considered in child and spousal support. In re Marriage of Kerr (1999) 77 Cal.App.4th 87: Future stock-option income may be considered for - [Disclaimer](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/disclaimer/) - Disclaimer Testing and Certificate This site not tested on animals, except for two cats. All pages are gluten-free, Non-GMO, hypoallergenic, vegan, vegetarian, kosher, MSG free. Void where prohibited. No representation or warranty, express or implied, with respect to the completeness, accuracy, fitness for a particular purpose, or utility of these materials or any information or - [none](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/none/) - [ninja_form id=2] - [Commissioner Jennifer Fultz](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-commissioner-jennifer-fultz/) - Commissioner Jennifer Fultz Education: B.A. in Applied Mathematics (UCLA); J.D. (Santa Clara University School of Law). Bar Admission: California, 2003. Appointment: Selected in June 2024 by the judges of the Tulare County Superior Court to serve as commissioner. Court Assignment: Department 14 – presides over Small Claims, Traffic, and Criminal Infraction cases (North County: Visalia/Exeter/Dinuba). - [Judge Russell Burke](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-russell-burke/) - Judge Russell Burke Education: A.A. (Utah Valley University); B.S. in Sociology (Brigham Young University); J.D. (Lewis & Clark Law School, 2005). Bar Admission: California State Bar, admitted 2007. Appointed: June 27, 2023 by Governor Gavin Newsom (to fill the vacancy left by Judge Michael B. Sheltzer). Courtroom Assignment: Superior Court of California, County of Tulare, - [Judge Green, Kenneth](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-green-kenneth/) - Judge Kenneth Green Kenneth R. Green Jr. – Judge of the Kern County Superior Court (since 2017). Courtroom assignment: Presides in the Eastern Division (Mojave and Ridgecrest branch courts; Department C and A, respectively). Education: B.A. from Western State University; J.D. from Thomas Jefferson School of Law (admitted to California bar in 1995). Career before - [911](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/911-2/) - California Family Code § 911: Protecting Spousal Earnings from Pre-Marriage Debts Plain-Language Summary Under California’s community property rules, most debts of a married person can usually be paid out of the couple’s shared (community) property. Family Code § 911 creates a narrow exception to that rule. In simple terms, if one spouse earned wages or - [Who Can Represent a Company?](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/who-can-represent-a-company/) - A sole proprietor can represent themselves in court, even if that person is "doing business as" (DBA) a company name. This article discusses corporations and limited liability companies, so we turn to three common types of for-profit business entities before discussing who can represent a company. Traditional (C Corporation) A traditional corporation, often called a - [Parentage Standing](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/parentage-standing/) - Parentage Standing - Who can bring a parentage action? In a "Presumed Parent" Action An action to establish the existence or nonexistence of the parent and child relationship under Family Code §7611(a)-(c) may be brought by: The child The child's natural mother The presumed parent An adoption agency to whom the child has been released - [Eviction Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/eviction-embed/) - [ninja_form id=6] - [Name Change Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/name-change-embed/) - [ninja_form id=13] - [Formulario I-914A (Visa T Derivada – Familiar Calificante) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-914a-visa-t-derivada-familiar-calificante-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=113] - [Formulario I-914 (Estatus No Inmigrante T – Visa T) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-914-estatus-no-inmigrante-t-visa-t-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=111] - [Formulario I-131F (Parole in Place – Cónyuges de Ciudadanos y Programa Militar) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-131f-parole-in-place-conyuges-de-ciudadanos-y-programa-militar-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=109] - [Formulario I-192 (Permiso Anticipado / Exención para No Inmigrante) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-192-permiso-anticipado-exencion-para-no-inmigrante-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=107] - [Formulario I-929 (Familiar Calificante de No Inmigrante U) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-929-familiar-calificante-de-no-inmigrante-u-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=102] - [Formulario I-918 (Estatus No Inmigrante U – Visa U) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-918-estatus-no-inmigrante-u-visa-u-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=105] - [Formulario I-730 (Petición de Familiar de Refugiado/Asilado) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-730-peticion-de-familiar-de-refugiado-asilado-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=98] - [Formulario I-601 (Exención de Motivos de Inadmisibilidad) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-601-exencion-de-motivos-de-inadmisibilidad-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=96] - [Formulario I-589 (Asilo y Suspensión de Remoción) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-589-asilo-y-suspension-de-remocion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=94] - [Formulario I-290B (Aviso de Apelación o Moción) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-290b-aviso-de-apelacion-o-mocion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=122] - [Formulario I-824 (Acción sobre Solicitud o Petición Aprobada) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-824-accion-sobre-solicitud-o-peticion-aprobada-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=119] - [Formulario I-102 (Reemplazo & I-94 Inicial) Recepción Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-102-reemplazo-i-94-inicial-recepcion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=129] - [Formulario I-912 (Solicitud de Exención de Tarifas) Formulario de inscripción en español Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-912-solicitud-de-exencion-de-tarifas-formulario-de-inscripcion-en-espanol-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=127] - [Formulario I-485 Suplemento J (Portabilidad Laboral / Oferta de Trabajo de Buena Fe) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-485-suplemento-j-portabilidad-laboral-oferta-de-trabajo-de-buena-fe-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=92] - [Formulario N-470 (Conservar Residencia para Naturalización) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-n-470-conservar-residencia-para-naturalizacion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=90] - [Formulario N-300 (Declaración de Intención) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-n-300-declaracion-de-intencion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=88] - [Formulario I-864EZ (Declaración Jurada de Patrocinio – Versión Simplificada) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-864ez-declaracion-jurada-de-patrocinio-version-simplificada-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=86] - [Formulario I-693 (Examen Médico y Registro de Vacunación) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-693-examen-medico-y-registro-de-vacunacion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=83] - [Formulario I-601A (Exención Provisional por Presencia Ilegal) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-601a-exencion-provisional-por-presencia-ilegal-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=81] - [Formulario I-134 (Declaración de Apoyo Económico) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-134-declaracion-de-apoyo-economico-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=79] - [Formulario I-360 (Inmigrante Especial / VAWA / Viudo[a]) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-360-inmigrante-especial-vawa-viudoa-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=77] - [Formulario N-648 (Excepción Médica por Discapacidad) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-n-648-excepcion-medica-por-discapacidad-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=75] - [Formulario I-129 (Trabajador No Inmigrante) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-129-trabajador-no-inmigrante-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=73] - [Formulario N-600 (Certificado de Ciudadanía) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-n-600-certificado-de-ciudadania-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=71] - [Formulario N-400 (Solicitud de Naturalización) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-n-400-solicitud-de-naturalizacion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=69] - [Formulario I-864 (Declaración Jurada de Patrocinio Económico) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-864-declaracion-jurada-de-patrocinio-economico-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=67] - [Formulario I-9 (Verificación de Elegibilidad de Empleo) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-9-verificacion-de-elegibilidad-de-empleo-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=65] - [Formulario I-90 (Reemplazo de Tarjeta de Residente Permanente) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-90-reemplazo-de-tarjeta-de-residente-permanente-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=63] - [Formulario I-751 (Eliminar Condiciones de Residencia) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-751-eliminar-condiciones-de-residencia-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=61] - [Formulario I-131 (Documento de Viaje / Permiso Adelantado) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-131-documento-de-viaje-permiso-adelantado-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=59] - [Formulario I-129F (Visa K-1 – Prometido/a) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-129f-visa-k-1-prometido-a-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=57] - [Formulario I-765 (Autorización de Empleo) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-765-autorizacion-de-empleo-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=55] - [Formulario I-130 (Petición de Familiar Extranjero) Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-130-peticion-de-familiar-extranjero-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=53] - [Formulario I-485 (Ajuste de Estatus) – Formulario Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-485-ajuste-de-estatus-formulario-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=51] - [Sucesión - Sin testamento Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/sucesion-sin-testamento-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=23] - [Tutela Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tutela-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=32] - [Admisión de orden de restricción incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/admision-de-orden-de-restriccion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=21] - [Adopción por Padrastro/Madrastra (California) – Formulario Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/adopcion-por-padrastro-madrastra-california-formulario-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=47] - [Terminación de la Patria Potestad (California) incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/terminacion-de-la-patria-potestad-california-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=49] - [Custodia incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/custodia-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=35] - [Propiedad incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/propiedad-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=22] - [Ingresos y gastos incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ingresos-y-gastos-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=130] - [Divorcio con hijos incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorcio-con-hijos-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=34] - [Divorcio: sin hijos ni manutención incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorcio-sin-hijos-ni-manutencion-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=28] - [Cambio De Nombre Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/cambio-de-nombre-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=31] - [Información del Arrendador / Inquilino Incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/informacion-del-arrendador-inquilino-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=24] - [Información del caso penal incrustar](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/informacion-del-caso-penal-incrustar/) - [ninja_form id=20] - [Form I-914A (Derivative T Visa – Qualifying Family Member) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-914a-derivative-t-visa-qualifying-family-member-embed/) - [ninja_form id=112] - [Form I-914 (T Nonimmigrant Status – T Visa) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-914-t-nonimmigrant-status-t-visa-embed/) - [ninja_form id=110] - [Form I-131F (Parole in Place – Military & USC Spouse Program) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-131f-parole-in-place-military-usc-spouse-program-embed/) - [ninja_form id=108] - [Form I-192 (Advance Permission / Waiver for Nonimmigrant) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-192-advance-permission-waiver-for-nonimmigrant-embed/) - [ninja_form id=106] - [Form I-929 (Qualifying Family Member of U Nonimmigrant) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-929-qualifying-family-member-of-u-nonimmigrant-embed/) - [ninja_form id=101] - [Form I-918 (U Nonimmigrant Status – U Visa) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-918-u-nonimmigrant-status-u-visa-embed/) - [ninja_form id=99] - [Form I-730 (Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-730-refugee-asylee-relative-petition-embed/) - [ninja_form id=97] - [Form I-601 (Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-601-waiver-of-grounds-of-inadmissibility-embed/) - [ninja_form id=95] - [Form I-589 (Asylum and Withholding of Removal) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-589-asylum-and-withholding-of-removal-embed/) - [ninja_form id=93] - [Form I-290B (Notice of Appeal or Motion) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-290b-notice-of-appeal-or-motion-embed/) - [ninja_form id=121] - [Form I-824 (Action on Approved Application or Petition) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-824-action-on-approved-application-or-petition-embed/) - [ninja_form id=118] - [Form I-102 (Replacement / Initial I-94) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-102-replacement-initial-i-94-embed/) - [ninja_form id=117] - [Form I-912 (Request for Fee Waiver) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-912-request-for-fee-waiver-embed/) - [ninja_form id=116] - [Form I-765WS (Economic Necessity Worksheet) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-765ws-economic-necessity-worksheet-embed/) - [ninja_form id=114] - [Form I-485 Supplement J (Job Portability / Bona Fide Job Offer) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-485-supplement-j-job-portability-bona-fide-job-offer-embed/) - [ninja_form id=91] - [Form N-470 (Preserve Residence for Naturalization) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-n-470-preserve-residence-for-naturalization-embed/) - [ninja_form id=89] - [Form N-300 (Declaration of Intention) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-n-300-declaration-of-intention-embed/) - [ninja_form id=87] - [Form I-864EZ (Affidavit of Support – Simplified) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-864ez-affidavit-of-support-simplified-embed/) - [ninja_form id=85] - [Form I-693 (Medical Examination and Vaccination Record) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-693-medical-examination-and-vaccination-record-embed/) - [ninja_form id=82] - [Form I-601A (Provisional Unlawful Presence Waiver) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-601a-provisional-unlawful-presence-waiver-embed/) - [ninja_form id=80] - [Form I-134 (Declaration of Financial Support) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-134-declaration-of-financial-support-embed/) - [ninja_form id=78] - [Form I-360 (Special Immigrant / VAWA / Widow(er)) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-360-special-immigrant-vawa-widower-embed/) - [ninja_form id=76] - [Form N-648 (Medical Disability Exception) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-n-648-medical-disability-exception-embed/) - [ninja_form id=74] - [Form I-129 (Nonimmigrant Worker) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-129-nonimmigrant-worker-embed/) - [ninja_form id=72] - [Form N-600 (Certificate of Citizenship) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-n-600-certificate-of-citizenship-embed/) - [ninja_form id=70] - [Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-n-400-application-for-naturalization-embed/) - [ninja_form id=68] - [Form I-864 (Affidavit of Support) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-864-affidavit-of-support-embed/) - [ninja_form id=66] - [Form I-9 (Employment Eligibility Verification) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-9-employment-eligibility-verification-embed/) - [ninja_form id=64] - [Form I-90 (Replace Permanent Resident Card) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-90-replace-permanent-resident-card-embed/) - [ninja_form id=62] - [Form I-751 (Remove Conditions on Residence) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-751-remove-conditions-on-residence-embed/) - [ninja_form id=60] - [Form I-131 (Travel Document / Advance Parole) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-131-travel-document-advance-parole-embed/) - [ninja_form id=58] - [Form I-129F (K-1 Fiancé(e)) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-129f-k-1-fiancee-embed/) - [ninja_form id=56] - [Form I-765 (Employment Authorization) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-765-employment-authorization-embed/) - [ninja_form id=54] - [Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-130-petition-for-alien-relative-embed/) - [ninja_form id=52] - [Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status) Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-485-adjustment-of-status-embed/) - [ninja_form id=50] - [Probate – No will Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/probate-no-will-embed/) - [ninja_form id=15] - [Guardianship Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/guardianship-embed/) - [ninja_form id=5] - [Restraining Order Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/restraining-order-embed/) - [ninja_form id=4] - [Stepparent Adoption Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/stepparent-adoption-embed/) - [ninja_form id=46] - [Child Custody Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/child-custody-embed/) - [ninja_form id=12] - [Termination of Parental Rights](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/termination-of-parental-rights/) - [ninja_form id=45] - [Property Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/property-embed/) - [ninja_form id=14] - [Income and Expenses Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/income-and-expenses-embed/) - [ninja_form id=10] - [Divorce With Children Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorce-with-children-embed/) - [ninja_form id=43] - [Divorce No Children Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorce-no-children-embed/) - [ninja_form id=2] - [Criminal Case Embed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/criminal-case-embed/) - [ninja_form id=9] - [Tenant Protection Act](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tenant-protection-act/) - The Tenant Protection Act generally does not apply if: The landlord has provided the following notice to the tenant: “This property is not subject to the rent limits imposed by Section 1947.12 of the Civil Code and is not subject to the just cause requirements of Section 1946.2 of the Civil Code. This property meets - [Law Review](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/law-review/) - Tenant Protection Act - Is the property protected by the Tenant Protection Act? Pleadings in Divorce Cases - Common pleadings used in Dissolution (Divorce) cases. Pleadings in Eviction Cases - Common pleadings used in Unlawful Detainer (Eviction) cases. Naughty Pictures May Cost You - California statute allows people who receive unsolicited obscene images to sue. - [Request to Waive Court Fees](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/request-to-waive-court-fees/) - [ninja_form id=131] - [Cartoons](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/cartoons/) - [Gayatri](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/gayatri/) - Ready to test I-589 | Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal I-589 | Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal Spanish I-601 | Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility I-601 | Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility Spanish I-730 | Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition I-730 | Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition Spanish I-918 - [Ingresos y gastos](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/income-and-expenses-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=130] - [Formulario I-102 (Reemplazo / I-94 Inicial) Recepción](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-102-reemplazo-i-94-inicial-recepcion/) - [ninja_form id=129] - [Formulario I-912 (Solicitud de Exención de Tarifas) Formulario de inscripción en español](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-912-solicitud-de-exencion-de-tarifas-formulario-de-inscripcion-en-espanol/) - [ninja_form id=127] - [Form I-912 (Request for Fee Waiver) Intake](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/form-i-912-request-for-fee-waiver-intake/) - [ninja_form id=116] - [Formulario I-765WS (Hoja de Trabajo de Necesidad Económica) Registro](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/formulario-i-765ws-hoja-de-trabajo-de-necesidad-economica-registro/) - [ninja_form id=115] - [Judge Clark](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-clark/) - Judge Thomas Clark Law School: USC Gould School of Law (J.D.) Year Appointed: 2010 Appointing Governor: Arnold Schwarzenegger Prior Legal Experience: Non-Litigation real estate development in Beverly Hills (1971-1975), which commenced prior to his law school graduation in 1973. Kern County Deputy District Attorney (1975-1978) Civil litigator in Bakersfield (1978–2010); tried nearly 200 jury trials - [Judge Kerri M. Gilmore](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judgeikerri-gilmore/) - Judge Kerri M. Gilmore Key Facts Appointed by: Governor Jerry Brown on June 16, 2018 Education: Juris Doctor (J.D.), San Joaquin College of Law, 1998 Bar Admission: California State Bar, 1999 Courtroom Assignment: Department 9 – Family Law (Visalia Division) Primary Case Types: Family Law – custody, support, DVROs, DCSS, divorce Prior Legal Experience: Deputy - [Family-Based Adjustment of Status](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/family-based-adjustment-of-status/) - [ninja_form id=123] - [Ajuste de Estatus por Familia](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ajuste-de-estatus-por-familia/) - [ninja_form id=124] - [Reemplazo / Llegada inicial I-94 I-102](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/reemplazo-llegada-inicial-i-94-i-102/) - [Solicitud de reapertura/reconsideración I-290B](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/solicitud-de-reapertura-reconsideracion-i-290b/) - [ninja_form id=122] - [Motion to Reopen / Reconsider I-290B](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/motion-to-reopen-reconsider-i-290b/) - [ninja_form id=121] - [Acción sobre Solicitud o Petición Aprobada I-824](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/accion-sobre-solicitud-o-peticion-aprobada-i-824/) - [ninja_form id=119] - [Replacement / Initial I-94 Arrival I-102](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/replacement-initial-i-94-arrival-i-102/) - [ninja_form id=117] - [Action on Approved Application or Petition Form I-824](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/action-on-approved-application-or-petition-form-i-824/) - [ninja_form id=118] - [Economic Hardship Worksheet I-765WS](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/economic-hardship-worksheet-i-765ws/) - [ninja_form id=114] - [T Visa Derivative I-914A](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/t-visa-derivative-i-914a/) - [ninja_form id=112] - [Visa T Derivada I-914A](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/visa-t-derivada-i-914a/) - [ninja_form id=113] - [Visa T para víctimas de trata de personas I-914](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/visa-t-para-victimas-de-trata-de-personas-i-914/) - [ninja_form id=111] - [T Visa Victims of Trafficking I-914](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/t-visa-victims-of-trafficking-i-914/) - [ninja_form id=110] - [Libertad condicional en el lugar de residencia – Militares I-131F](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/libertad-condicional-en-el-lugar-de-residencia-militares-i-131f/) - [ninja_form id=109] - [Parole in Place – Military I-131F](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/parole-in-place-military-i-131f/) - [ninja_form id=108] - [Advance Permission to Enter I-192](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/advance-permission-to-enter-i-192/) - [ninja_form id=106] - [Permiso anticipado para ingresar I-192](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/permiso-anticipado-para-ingresar-i-192/) - [ninja_form id=107] - [para familiares de solicitantes de visa U I-918a](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/para-familiares-de-solicitantes-de-visa-u-i-918a/) - [ninja_form id=105] - [U Visa Family Member I-918a](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/u-visa-family-member-i-918a/) - [ninja_form id=104] - [Petition for Qualifying Family Member of a U-1 Nonimmigrant I-929](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/petition-for-qualifying-family-member-of-a-u-1-nonimmigrant-i-929/) - [ninja_form id=101] - [Solicitud para familiar elegible de un no inmigrante con visa U-1 I-929](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/solicitud-para-familiar-elegible-de-un-no-inmigrante-con-visa-u-1-i-929/) - [ninja_form id=102] - [Petition for U Nonimmigrant Status I-918](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/petition-for-u-nonimmigrant-status-i-918/) - [ninja_form id=99] - [Solicitud de estatus de no inmigrante U I-918](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/solicitud-de-estatus-de-no-inmigrante-u-i-918/) - [ninja_form id=100] - [Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition I-730](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/refugee-asylee-relative-petition-i-730/) - [ninja_form id=97] - [Solicitud de familiar de refugiado/asilado I-730)](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/solicitud-de-familiar-de-refugiado-asilado-i-730/) - [ninja_form id=98] - [Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility I-601](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/waiver-of-grounds-of-inadmissibility-i-601/) - [ninja_form id=95] - [Exención de motivos de inadmisibilidad I-601](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/exencion-de-motivos-de-inadmisibilidad-i-601/) - [ninja_form id=96] - [Solicitud de asilo y suspensión de la deportación I-589](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/solicitud-de-asilo-y-suspension-de-la-deportacion-i-589/) - [ninja_form id=94] - [Asylum and Withholding of Removal I-589](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/asylum-and-withholding-of-removal-i-589/) - [ninja_form id=93] - [Confirmación de oferta de empleo válida I-485J](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/confirmacion-de-oferta-de-empleo-valida-i-485j/) - [ninja_form id=92] - [Confirmation of Valid Job Offer I-485J](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/confirmation-of-valid-job-offer-i-485j/) - [ninja_form id=91] - [Solicitud para conservar la residencia a efectos de naturalización N-470](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/solicitud-para-conservar-la-residencia-a-efectos-de-naturalizacion-n-470/) - [ninja_form id=90] - [Application to Preserve Residence for Naturalization N-470](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/application-to-preserve-residence-for-naturalization-n-470/) - [ninja_form id=89] - [Application to File Declaration of Intention N-300](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/application-to-file-declaration-of-intention-n-300/) - [ninja_form id=87] - [Solicitud para presentar la Declaración de Intención N-300](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/solicitud-para-presentar-la-declaracion-de-intencion-n-300/) - [ninja_form id=88] - [EZ Declaración jurada de apoyo I-864](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ez-declaracion-jurada-de-apoyo-i-864-2/) - [ninja_form id=86] - [EZ Affidavit of Support I-864](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ez-affidavit-of-support-i-864-2/) - [ninja_form id=85] - [Examen médico y registro de vacunación I-693](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/examen-medico-y-registro-de-vacunacion-i-693/) - [ninja_form id=83] - [Medical Exam and Vaccination Record I-693](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/medical-exam-and-vaccination-record-i-693/) - [ninja_form id=82] - [Provisional Unlawful Presence Waiver I-601A](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/provisional-unlawful-presence-waiver-i-601a/) - [ninja_form id=80] - [Exención provisional por presencia ilegal I-601A](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/exencion-provisional-por-presencia-ilegal-i-601a/) - [ninja_form id=81] - [Declaration of Financial Support I-134](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/declaration-of-financial-support-i-134/) - [ninja_form id=78] - [Declaración de apoyo financiero I-134](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/declaracion-de-apoyo-financiero-i-134/) - [ninja_form id=79] - [Special Immigrant Visa I-360](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/special-immigrant-visa-i-360/) - [ninja_form id=76] - [Visa de inmigrante especial I-360](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/visa-de-inmigrante-especial-i-360/) - [ninja_form id=77] - [Excepción por discapacidad médica N-648](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/excepcion-por-discapacidad-medica-n-648/) - [ninja_form id=75] - [Medical Disability Exception N-648](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/medical-disability-exception-n-648/) - [ninja_form id=74] - [Non-Immigrant Work Visa I-129](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/non-immigrant-work-visa-i-129/) - [ninja_form id=72] - [Visa de trabajo para no inmigrantes I-129](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/visa-de-trabajo-para-no-inmigrantes-i-129/) - [ninja_form id=73] - [Certificate of Citizenship N-600](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/certificate-of-citizenship-n-600/) - [ninja_form id=70] - [Certificado de Ciudadanía N-600](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/certificado-de-ciudadania-n-600/) - [ninja_form id=71] - [Naturalization N-400](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/naturalization-n-400/) - [ninja_form id=68] - [Naturalización N-400](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/naturalizacion-n-400/) - [ninja_form id=69] - [Affidavit of Support I-864](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/affidavit-of-support-i-864/) - [ninja_form id=66] - [Declaración jurada de apoyo I-864](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/declaracion-jurada-de-apoyo-i-864/) - [ninja_form id=67] - [Verificación de la autorización de trabajo I-9](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/verificacion-de-la-autorizacion-de-trabajo-i-9/) - [ninja_form id=65] - [Verification of Work Authorization I-9](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/verification-of-work-authorization-i-9/) - [ninja_form id=64] - [Replace Permanent Residence Card I-90](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/replace-permanent-residence-card-i-90/) - [ninja_form id=62] - [Reemplazar la tarjeta de residencia permanente I-90](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/reemplazar-la-tarjeta-de-residencia-permanente-i-90/) - [ninja_form id=63] - [Eliminar las condiciones de residencia I-751](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/eliminar-las-condiciones-de-residencia-i-751/) - [ninja_form id=61] - [Remove Conditions on Residency I-751](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/remove-conditions-on-residency-i-751/) - [ninja_form id=60] - [Solicitud de documentos de viaje I-131](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/solicitud-de-documentos-de-viaje-i-131/) - [ninja_form id=59] - [Application for Travel Documents I-131](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/application-for-travel-documents-i-131/) - [ninja_form id=58] - [Visa de prometido I-129F](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/visa-de-prometido-i-129f/) - [ninja_form id=57] - [Fiance Visa I-129F](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/fiance-visa-i-129f/) - [ninja_form id=56] - [Autorización de empleo I-765](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/autorizacion-de-empleo-i-765/) - [ninja_form id=55] - [Employment Authorization I-765](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/employment-authorization-i-765/) - [ninja_form id=54] - [Petición para familiar extranjero I-130](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/peticion-para-familiar-extranjero-i-130/) - [ninja_form id=53] - [Petition for Alien Relative I-130](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/petition-for-alien-relative-i-130/) - [ninja_form id=52] - [Ajuste de estatus I-485](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ajuste-de-estatus-i-485/) - [ninja_form id=51] - [Adjustment of Status I-485](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/adjustment-of-status-i-485/) - [ninja_form id=50] - [Terminación de los derechos parentales](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/terminacion-de-los-derechos-parentales/) - [ninja_form id=49] - [adopción por parte de un padrastro o madrastra](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/adopcion-por-parte-de-un-padrastro-o-madrastra/) - [ninja_form id=47] - [Stepparent Adoption](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/stepparent-adoption/) - [ninja_form id=46] - [Termination of Parental Rights Intake](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/termination-of-parental-rights-intake/) - [ninja_form id=45] - [Divorce With Children](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorce-with-kids/) - [ninja_form id=43] - [Child Custody Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/child-custody-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=35] - [Divorce With Children Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorce-with-children-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=34] - [Guardianship Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/guardianship-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=32] - [Restraining Order Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/restraining-order-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=21] - [Property Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/property-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=22] - [Divorce No Children Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorce-no-children-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=28] - [Name Change Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/name-change-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=31] - [Eviction Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/eviction-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=24] - [Income and Expense Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/income-and-expense-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=25] - [Criminal Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/criminal-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=20] - [Probate Spanish](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/probate-spanish/) - [ninja_form id=23] - [Contracts](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/contracts-2/) - Contracts - Contratos - ਇਕਰਾਰਨਾਮੇ - अनुबंध - 合同 - Contratos - Mga kontrata English - The English version of the contract is authoritative. Translations are provided for understanding, but the English version controls. Español - La versión en inglés del contrato es la que prevalece. Las traducciones se proporcionan únicamente con fines informativos, pero la - [California Family Rules Named After Cases](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/rules-with-case-names/) - California Family Rules Named After Cases Brown Rights - Division of unmatured retirement benefits Epstein Credits - Reimbursement of Separate Property used for Community Estate Gavron Warning - A judicial admonishment to the supported spouse to make reasonable efforts to obtain employment. Jeffries Credits - Reimbursement Offset for Occupied Real Estate. Mohler Pro Tanto Rule - [2026](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2026-2/) - This page and any subsequent pages contain only general, publicly available information. Do not take anything on this page as legal advice. Do your own research and consult with an attorney. We are not attorneys. New Landlord Laws for 2026 AB 130 - Streamlined Construction AB 246 - Social Security Tenant Protection Act AB 325 - [Significant Family Law Cases](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/significant-family-law-cases-2/) - Significant Family Law Cases Aloy v. Mash (1985) 38 Cal.3d 413 Facts: The plaintiff, Marcella G. Aloy, filed a legal malpractice action against her former attorney, Eugene A. Mash. Mash had represented Aloy in her 1971 dissolution proceeding and did not assert a community property interest in her husband's vested federal military retirement pension. Mash's - [Family Code - Select Statutes](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/family-code-select-statutes/) - Select Family Law Statutes Family Code section 70 - Date of Separation Family Code section 92 - Family Support Family Code section 125 - Quasi-Community Property Family Code section 308 - California Recognizes All Valid Marriages Family Code section 309 - Spouse Denies Validity of Marriage Family Code section 721 - Fiduciary Duty Between Spouses - [Not For Us](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/not-for-us/) - Some types of cases are just not for us. If any of these apply to you, we are probably not the best firm for you: Vexatious Litigants - Litigation can make people angry. Someone did you wrong, and you want to use the court to make things right. There is nothing wrong with that. However, - [Advertencia](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/advertencia/) - Advertencias No somos abogados. No podemos realizar los servicios legales que realiza un abogado. No podemos dedicarnos al ejercicio del derecho. El secretario del condado no ha evaluado ni aprobado el conocimiento, la experiencia o la calidad de mi trabajo de ninguna persona relacionada con los servicios de Documentos Legales. No podemos conservar sus documentos - [AB 1263](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-1263/) - Assembly Bill 1263 Authored by Assemblymember Mike Gipson (D-Carson) Summary of AB 1263 Assembly Bill 1263 is a comprehensive expansion of California’s efforts to curb the rise of "ghost guns"—unserialized and untraceable firearms. Signed into law in late 2025, the bill targets the entire supply chain of illegal manufacturing, from digital blueprints and specialized machinery - [AB 628](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-628/) - Assembly Bill 628 Mandatory Residential Appliances & Habitability Status: Signed into Law (October 2025) Effective Date: January 1, 2026 Key Impact: Stoves and refrigerators are now essential requirements for habitability in California rental units. Overview AB 628 fundamentally changes landlord-tenant law by reclassifying stoves and refrigerators from "amenities" to "essential characteristics" of a tenantable dwelling, - [AB 1134](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-1134/) - Assembly Bill 1134 Status: Signed into Law (October 11, 2025) Effective Date: January 1, 2026 (Extensions commence January 1, 2027) Primary Focus: Coerced Marriage, Nullity of Marriage, and Penal Code Modernization Assembly Bill 1134 (Bains), also known as the Coerced Marriage Act, significantly updates California law to better protect victims of forced or coerced marriages. - [AB 325](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-325/) - Assembly Bill 325 Cartwright Act: Algorithmic Pricing and Collusion Authored by Assemblymember Cecilia Aguiar-Curry Signed into Law: Oct 6, 2025 (Effective Jan 1, 2026) Assembly Bill 325 updates California's antitrust framework to explicitly prohibit "algorithmic collusion"—the use of shared software or computer processes to manipulate market prices. By closing loopholes in the Cartwright Act, the - [AB 246](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-246/) - Assembly Bill 246 Social Security Tenant Protection Act of 2025 Authored by Assemblymember Isaac Bryan Signed into Law: Oct 6, 2025 Assembly Bill 246, known as the Social Security Tenant Protection Act of 2025, establishes critical temporary statewide protections for residential tenants who depend on Social Security benefits. The legislation addresses the severe risk of - [SB 711](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/sb-711/) - Senate Bill 711 Status: Signed into Law (October 1, 2025) Effective Date: Immediate (Urgency Statute); Operative for tax years beginning January 1, 2025 Primary Focus: Federal Tax Conformity and Spousal Support Taxation Reform Senate Bill 711 (McNerney), also known as the Conformity Act of 2025, represents the most significant update to California’s tax code in - [AB 1087](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-1087/) - Assembly Bill 1087 Authored by Assemblymember Laurie Davies (R-Laguna Niguel) Background of AB 1087 Assembly Bill 1087 was introduced to rectify a disparity in California's sentencing laws. Under existing statutes, individuals convicted of a standard DUI (Driving Under the Influence) without fatalities often faced a longer probationary period than those convicted of vehicular manslaughter while - [AB 321](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-321/) - Assembly Bill 321 Authored by Assemblymember Nick Schultz (D-Burbank) What is Assembly Bill 321? Assembly Bill 321, formally known as the Better Informed Decisions (BID) Act, was signed into law by Governor Gavin Newsom on October 11, 2025. This legislation aims to provide the judiciary with more flexibility when handling "wobbler" offenses—crimes that can be - [SB 221](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/sb-221/) - Senate Bill 221 Introduced by Senator Rosilicie Ochoa Bogh (R-Yucaipa) Overview of SB 221 Senate Bill 221 was signed into law by Governor Gavin Newsom on October 10, 2025. This landmark legislation addresses a critical gap in California’s stalking statutes. It acknowledges that stalkers frequently use threats against a victim’s beloved animals as a tool - [AB 486](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-486/) - Assembly Bill 486 Authored by Assemblymember Tom Lackey (R-Palmdale) What is Assembly Bill 486? Assembly Bill 486 was introduced to close a technological loophole in California’s existing burglary laws. For decades, Penal Code Section 466 prohibited the possession of physical tools like crowbars, slim jims, and master keys with criminal intent. However, as car thieves - [AB 260](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-260/) - Assembly Bill 260 Status: Signed into Law (September 26, 2025) Effective Date: Immediate (Urgency Clause) Primary Focus: Reproductive Health Care Access and Shielding Providers Assembly Bill 260 (Aguiar-Curry) is a landmark "shield law" designed to fortify California’s protections for reproductive health care. Amidst increasing legal challenges to medication abortion nationally, this bill ensures that mifepristone - [AB 1297](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-1297/) - Assembly Bill 1297 Status: Signed into Law (July 14, 2025) Effective Date: January 1, 2027 Primary Focus: Automatic Temporary Restraining Orders (ATROs) and Insurance Continuity Assembly Bill 1297 (Stefani) closes a critical legal loophole in California divorce and legal separation proceedings. Under current law, when a party is served with a summons, "Automatic Temporary Restraining - [AB 1375](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-1375/) - Assembly Bill 1375 Status: Signed into Law (October 7, 2025) Effective Date: January 1, 2026 Primary Focus: Consideration of Human Trafficking in Child Custody Decisions Assembly Bill 1375 (Hoover) amends the California Family Code to address a critical gap in how courts evaluate child custody and visitation. The law mandates that family court judges specifically - [AB 495](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-495/) - Assembly Bill 495 Status: Signed into Law (October 12, 2025) Effective Date: January 1, 2026 Primary Focus: Continuity of Child Care, Guardianship Reform, and Immigration Privacy Protections Known as the Family Preparedness Plan Act of 2025, AB 495 provides a legal framework to ensure children remain in the care of trusted relatives or guardians when - [AB 130](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-130/) - Assembly Bill 130 Status: Signed into Law (June 30, 2025) Effective Date: Immediate (Budget Trailer Bill) Primary Focus: Housing Production, CEQA Reform, and Local Accountability AB 130 is a comprehensive housing "abundance" bill designed to streamline the construction of residential units by removing administrative barriers and modernizing environmental reviews. 1. Major CEQA Exemptions Infill Housing - [AB 723](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-723/) - Assembly Bill 723 Real Estate: Digitally Altered Images & Disclosure Status: Signed into Law (October 10, 2025) Author: Assemblymember Gail Pellerin Effective Date: January 1, 2026 AB 723, also known in the industry as the Altered Image Law, establishes new transparency requirements for real estate advertising in California. The bill aims to protect - [SB 655](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/sb-655/) - Senate Bill 655 Authored by Senator Henry Stern Signed into Law: Oct 10, 2025 Senate Bill 655 establishes a historic first-in-the-nation state policy regarding maximum indoor temperatures for residential housing. While California law has long required homes to be able to maintain a minimum temperature of 68°F, SB 655 addresses the rising threat of extreme - [SB 610](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/sb-610/) - Senate Bill 610 Authored by Senator Pérez Effective: January 1, 2026 Senate Bill 610 was enacted in response to catastrophic wildfires (such as the Palisades and Eaton fires) to clarify the rights and obligations of landlords and tenants following a declared disaster. It strengthens protections for those displaced by natural disasters and ensures hazardous - [AB 1414](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-1414/) - Assembly Bill 1414 Authored by Assemblymember Rhodesia Ransom Effective: January 1, 2026 AB 1414 seeks to ensure that California renters are not forced into paying for internet services they do not want or that do not meet their needs. It targets "bulk-billing" arrangements where landlords contract with a single provider and pass the cost - [AB 747](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-747/) - Assembly Bill 747 Author: Assemblymember Ash Kalra Chaptered: October 10, 2025 (Chapter 563, Statutes of 2025) Overview: This landmark legislation reforms how legal documents are served in California. It targets the practice of "sewer service"—where process servers falsify records without actually delivering documents—to ensure defendants have a fair opportunity to defend themselves in court. - [AB 414](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ab-414/) - Assembly Bill 414 Security Deposits: Electronic Returns & Notices Effective Date: January 1, 2026 AB 414 modernizes Civil Code Section 1950.5, aligning residential security deposit procedures with modern digital payment practices to ensure faster and more secure refunds for tenants. Key Provisions Mandatory Electronic Return: If a landlord previously accepted electronic payments (rent or - [Tulare County Judicial Officers](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-county-judges/) - Tulare County Superior Court Judicial Officers Name Court Location Courtroom John Bianco Judge Visalia (County Civic Center) Dept. 11 Sara Bratsch Judge Visalia (County Civic Center) Dept. 12 Russell Burke Judge Visalia (County Civic Center) Dept. 7 Jennifer Fultz Commissioner Visalia (Dept 14) / Porterville (Dept 17) Dept. 17 Kerri Gilmore Judge Visalia (County - [Kern County Judicial Officers](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/kern-county-judges/) - Kern County Superior Court Judicial Officers Name Court Location Courtroom Sally Ackerknecht Commissioner Metropolitan Division (Dept. 16) / Shafter (A) Dept. 16 Wendy Avila Judge Delano Branch Delano B Bernard Barmann Judge Metropolitan Division Justice Building Div. H Jose Benavides Judge Delano Branch Delano A Dawn Bittleston Judge Metropolitan Division Justice Building Div. E - [Jeffries](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/jeffries/) - CALIFORNIA FAMILY LAW Property Division Concepts The Jeffries Credit Rule The Offset of Post-Separation Use and Payments Summary of the Concept The **Jeffries Credit** is a shorthand term used in California family law for the court's process of reconciling two competing claims that often arise when one spouse remains in the family residence after the - [2337](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2337-2/) - California Family Code § 2337 Summary California Family Code § 2337 governs “bifurcation” of divorce proceedings. Under § 2337(a), a court may, on noticed motion, sever the issue of marital status and grant an early separate trial on dissolution of the marriage, apart from property, support, and custody issues. In other words, the spouses become legally divorced - [1101](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/1101-2/) - California Family Code § 1101: Breach of Fiduciary Duty Between Spouses Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 1101 allows one spouse to sue the other for violating fiduciary duties involving community property. These duties include full disclosure, honesty, and fair dealing. If a spouse hides, misuses, or improperly transfers community property without consent, the other - [California Courts](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/california-courts/) - California Superior Courts We assist with cases in all California courts. This list contains all Superior Court locations and the types of cases they accept as of November 2025. Alameda Oakland - René C. Davidson Courthouse, 1225 Fallon Street, Oakland, CA 94612 Civil (CIV), Criminal (CRM), Appeals (AP), Mental Health Oakland - Wiley W. Manuel - [3586](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3586-2/) - California Family Code § 3586 – Combined Child and Spousal Support (Family Support) Plain-Language Summary **California Family Code § 3586** addresses situations where parents agree to a single, combined support payment for both child support and spousal support (often called **“family support”**). In simple terms, if parents decide to merge child and spousal support into - [4320](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/4320-2/) - California Family Code § 4320 – Factors to be Considered in Ordering Spousal Support Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 4320 provides a comprehensive list of factors that courts must evaluate when deciding the amount and duration of spousal support. In simple terms, these factors guide judges to ensure any support order is fair and - [Pereira](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/pereira/) - CALIFORNIA FAMILY LAW Property Division Concepts The Pereira Rule Apportionment of Separate Property Business Profits Summary of the Concept The Pereira rule is a foundational legal doctrine in California family law, used during divorce proceedings to determine how to divide the increased value of a business that one spouse owned as Separate Property (SP) before - [Van Camp](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/van-camp/) - CALIFORNIA FAMILY LAW Property Division Concepts The Van Camp Rule Apportionment of Separate Property Business Profits Summary of the Concept The Van Camp rule is a foundational legal doctrine in California family law, used during divorce proceedings to determine how to divide the increased value of a business that one spouse owned as Separate Property - [2343](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2343-2/) - Family Code Section 2343 Summary California Family Code § 2343 allows a court to delay the final termination of a marriage beyond the usual waiting period when justified by good cause or agreement. Under this section, after determining a marriage should end, the court may retain jurisdiction and set a future date to enter the - [2201](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2201-2/) - California Family Code Section 2201 Plain-Language Summary California Family Code §2201 is the state’s bigamy statute. It provides that if a person marries someone else while still legally married to a former spouse, the new marriage is illegal and void from the start. In other words, you cannot have two valid marriages at the same - [2338.5](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2338-5/) - California Family Code § 2338.5 Summary Family Code § 2338.5 applies only when a divorce, legal separation, or nullity judgment is entered by default (i.e., one spouse never appeared). It imposes three requirements for default judgments. First, any marital settlement agreement or stipulated judgment signed by the defaulting spouse must bear a notarized signature (subd. (a)). - [2210](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2210-2/) - California Family Code Section 2210 Summary: This statute makes a marriage voidable (i.e., subject to annulment) if certain defects existed at the time of the wedding. In plain language, a marriage can be annulled if when the couple married: one party was under 18 without required parental/court consent; one party was already married (bigamy) and - [2211](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2211-2/) - California Family Code § 2211 Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2211 sets strict deadlines and identifies who can seek to annul a “voidable” marriage (one that is valid until annulled). In plain terms, it means: if a person married before age 18, they (or a parent/guardian) must start annulment proceedings within four years after - [2200](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2200-2/) - California Family Code § 2200 Summary California Family Code § 2200 specifies which marriages are incestuous and therefore void from the outset. The statute prohibits marriages between parents and children, between any direct ancestors and descendants, between siblings (whether half-blood or whole-blood), and between an aunt or uncle and a niece or nephew. Any marriage - [2112](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2112-2/) - California Family Code § 2212 Plain-Language Summary Section 2212 provides that when a California court annuls a marriage, the spouses are legally treated as if they were never married. In plain terms, an annulment makes both parties return to single (unmarried) status. For example, after annulment neither person is considered married (so they can legally - [2336](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/0000-delete/) - California Family Code § 2336 Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2336 ensures that when one spouse fails to respond (defaults) in a divorce or legal separation, the court cannot simply grant a judgment on default. Instead, the petitioner must provide proof of the alleged grounds for the divorce. In practice, this means the petitioner - [2335](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2335-2/) - California Family Code § 2335 – No-Fault Divorce Evidence Rule Plain-Language Summary In plain language, Family Code § 2335 embodies California’s “no-fault” divorce policy by barring fault-based claims in divorce or legal-separation proceedings. The law states: “Except as otherwise provided by statute, in a pleading or proceeding for dissolution of marriage or legal separation of - [2339](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2339-2/) - California Family Code § 2339: Mandatory Six-Month Cooling-Off Period for Divorce Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2339(a) imposes a mandatory six-month waiting period before a divorce can be finalized. After one spouse is served with dissolution papers (or appears in the case), the law requires at least six months to pass before the marriage - [2321](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2321-2/) - California Family Code § 2321 Summary California Family Code § 2321 allows a legal separation case to be converted into a divorce (dissolution) case once residency requirements are met. In a legal separation proceeding where neither spouse has yet met California’s residency requirements (six months in the state and three months in the county) at - [2310](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2310-2/) - California Family Code § 2310: Grounds for Dissolution or Legal Separation Plain-Language Summary California’s divorce law is strictly no-fault. Under §2310, the only grounds to end a marriage (by divorce or legal separation) are (a) irreconcilable differences – meaning the marriage has broken down – or (b) a spouse’s permanent legal incapacity to make decisions. - [2320](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2320-2/) - California Family Code § 2320: Residency Requirement Plain-Language Summary Section 2320 sets California’s residency rules for divorce (dissolution of marriage). In simple terms, you generally can only get a California divorce if at least one spouse has lived in California for at least six months, and in the county where you file for at least - [2311](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2311-2/) - California Family Code § 2311: Irreconcilable Differences Plain-Language Summary California Family Code §2311 defines “irreconcilable differences” as substantial reasons (as determined by a court) for not continuing a marriage and making it reasonable to end the marriage. In practice, this is the state’s primary no-fault divorce ground. If a spouse petitions for divorce on this - [2336](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2336-3/) - California Family Code § 2336: Hearing of the Cause Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2336 establishes that before a court grants a final judgment of dissolution (divorce), legal separation, or nullity, it must hold a hearing of the cause. This hearing ensures that all procedural requirements are met, including service of process and the - [2336](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2336-2/) - California Family Code § 2336: Evidence Required for Default Divorce Judgments Plain-Language Summary Section 2336 ensures that when one spouse fails to respond to a divorce or legal separation petition, the court cannot grant the divorce automatically or based only on a referee’s report. Instead, the petitioner must present evidence supporting the grounds for the - [2300](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2300-2/) - California Family Code § 2300 (2025) Plain-language summary Section 2300 simply means that when a divorce (dissolution of marriage) is finalized, the marriage is legally ended and both former spouses are restored to the status of single (unmarried) persons. In other words, a valid marriage is dissolved by the divorce, and after the final judgment - [Judge Kendall](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-kendall/) - Judge Andrew Kendall Summary Judge of the Kern County Superior Court (appointed 2021); presides over the Bakersfield misdemeanor calendar (Dept. 15). Education: B.A. (cum laude) from Claremont McKenna College (2000) and J.D. from UCLA School of Law (2003). Previously a court commissioner (2018–2021) and a deputy public defender (2009–2018) in Kern County; prior civil law - [3651](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3651-2/) - California Family Code § 3651: Modification of Support Orders Plain-Language Summary Overview: California Family Code § 3651 governs when and how child or spousal support orders can be modified (changed) or terminated. In general, a court can modify a support order “at any time” if it finds the change is necessary. However, courts typically require - [3600](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3600-2/) - California Family Code § 3600 – Temporary Support During Proceedings Overview of Family Code § 3600 California Family Code § 3600 allows courts to order temporary (pendente lite) support while a divorce, legal separation, or child custody case is pending. It permits the court to require one spouse to pay any amount needed to support - [3587](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3587-2/) - California Family Code § 3587: Stipulated Agreement for Adult Child Support Plain-Language Summary California Family Code Section 3587 is a special rule that lets parents extend child support beyond the usual cutoff when a child becomes an adult. Normally, child support ends when a child turns 18 (or finishes high school). Under § 3587, if - [3003](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3003-2/) - California Family Code § 3003: Joint Legal Custody (Definition) Plain-Language Summary Definition: California Family Code § 3003 defines “joint legal custody” to mean that both parents share the right and responsibility to make decisions regarding the child’s health, education, and welfare. In practical terms, this means both parents must jointly agree on important choices such - [2603.5](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2603-5/) - California Family Code § 2603.5 – Enforcement of Domestic Violence Judgment Against Community Property Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2603.5 is a rule that ensures fairness in the division of community property when certain extraordinary expenses or debts are involved. In simple terms, this law lets a court adjust how community property (the assets - [2603](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2603-2/) - California Family Code § 2603: Community Estate Personal Injury Damages Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2603 addresses how certain **damages recovered for personal injuries** during a marriage are divided upon divorce. Typically, any asset or debt acquired during marriage is community property and would be split equally between spouses in a divorce. However, section - [2602](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2602-2/) - California Family Code § 2602 – Deliberate Misappropriation of Community Property Plain-Language Summary **What It Is:** Family Code § 2602 lets a divorce court make up for one spouse’s deliberate misuse or hiding of community property assets. In a California divorce, the law normally requires an equal 50/50 split of community property between the spouses. - [920](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/920-2/) - California Family Code § 920 Plain-Language Summary Family Code section 920 is a California law that creates a right of reimbursement when marital (community) property pays for one spouse’s separate debts. This means if community funds or property are used to satisfy a debt belonging to one spouse (for example, a debt incurred before marriage - [914](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/914-2/) - California Family Code § 914: Spousal Liability for Necessaries of Life Debts Plain-Language Summary Under California Family Code § 914, each spouse is personally responsible for certain debts the other incurs during marriage if those debts are for the “necessaries of life.” In practice, this means if one spouse buys food, pays for housing, medical - [913](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/913-2/) - California Family Code § 913: Liability of Separate Property for Debts Plain-Language Summary Family Code §913 means that each spouse is responsible for their own debts. In other words, one spouse’s separate property (such as an inheritance or premarital savings) is liable only for debts they incurred. A spouse’s separate assets generally cannot be used - [851](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/851-2/) - California Family Code § 851: Transmutations Cannot Defraud Creditors Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 851 is a safeguard against spouses abusing “transmutation” agreements to cheat creditors or others. A transmutation is a legal agreement between spouses changing property from community property (owned by both) to separate property (owned by one spouse), or vice versa. - [780](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/780-2/) - California Family Code § 780: Personal Injury Damages as Community Property Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 780 provides that if a married person receives money or property due to a personal injury (for example, through a lawsuit judgment or settlement) and the underlying injury happened during the marriage, that compensation is considered community property. - [1100](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/1100-2/) - California Family Code § 1100: Management and Control of Community Personal Property Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 1100 outlines the rules that govern how spouses can manage and control community personal property. Each spouse generally has equal rights to manage community property, including bank accounts, vehicles, household furnishings, and other jointly owned assets. However, - [916](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/916-2/) - California Family Code § 916: Liability of Spouses for Debts After Property Division Plain-Language Summary After a divorce or legal separation, each person generally remains responsible for the debts they incurred. Family Code § 916(a)(1) confirms that a spouse’s separate property (and the share they received in the divorce) is liable for debts that person - [1000](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/1000-2/) - California Family Code § 1000: Liability of Married Persons for Spouse’s Actions Plain-Language Summary Family Code § 1000 says that marriage itself does not make one spouse automatically responsible for the other’s accidents or wrongs. In general, a married person is not liable for injury or damage caused by the other spouse, except in situations - [1500](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/1500-2/) - California Family Code § 1500: Alteration of Spouses’ Property Rights by Agreement Plain-Language Summary Under California law, married people normally follow set rules about who owns property (for example, income earned during marriage is usually owned jointly by both spouses). Family Code §1500 says those default rules can be changed if the spouses agree. In - [915](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/915-2/) - California Family Code § 915: Support From Prior Relationships Plain-Language Summary California Family Code §915 applies when one spouse has a child or spousal support duty that arose outside the current marriage (for example, an obligation to an ex-spouse or to children from another relationship). The law says any such outside support obligation is treated - [852](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/852-2/) - California Family Code § 852: Transmutation of Property Between Spouses Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 852 governs how married spouses can change the status or ownership of property between them – a process known as a “transmutation.” This law ensures that if spouses want to alter property from one form to another (for example, - [850](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/850-2/) - California Family Code § 850: Transmutation of Property Between Spouses Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 850 allows married persons (spouses) to change the ownership classification of their property between them, a process known as a “transmutation.” In simple terms, spouses can agree to convert community property into one spouse’s separate property, convert one spouse’s - [781](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/781-2/) - California Family Code § 781: Personal Injury Awards as Separate Property in Divorce Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 781 sets out when money from personal injury settlements or court judgments is treated as the separate property of the injured spouse rather than community property. In general, if the injury happened during the marriage, the - [910](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/910-2/) - California Family Code § 910: Community Property Liability for Debts of Either Spouse Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 910 establishes that all community property (the assets and income a married couple acquires together during marriage) can be used to satisfy a debt incurred by either spouse. In other words, if one spouse has a - [782](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/782-2/) - California Family Code § 782: Protection of Community Property in Interspousal Tort Cases Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 782 addresses what happens when one spouse causes injury to the other spouse, creating a legal liability (for example, a personal injury claim or court judgment between spouses). This law ensures that the spouse who was - [761](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/761-2/) - California Family Code § 761: Community Property in Trusts Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 761 addresses what happens when a married couple places community property into a trust (especially a revocable living trust). In simple terms, this law ensures that putting community property into a revocable trust doesn’t change its status as community property, - [771](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/771-2/) - California Family Code § 771 – Earnings After Separation as Separate Property Summary California Family Code § 771 provides that once spouses are separated, each spouse’s earnings and accumulations are generally considered that spouse’s own separate property. In plain language, this means that money earned or assets acquired by one spouse after the spouses have - [754](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/754-2/) - California Family Code § 754: Three-Month Freeze on Separate Property Transfers During Divorce Proceedings Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 754 is a law that temporarily prevents one spouse from unilaterally selling or mortgaging certain property when a divorce or legal separation is underway. In plain terms, here’s what it means: Once a notice of - [752](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/752-2-2/) - California Family Code § 752: Management and Control of Separate Property Plain-Language Summary California Family Code Section 752 states that, unless a law specifically says otherwise, each spouse has no ownership interest in the other spouse’s separate property. In simple terms, this means any property that is classified as one spouse’s separate property (for example, - [309](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/309-2/) - California Family Code § 309: Denial of Marriage If one spouse denies the existence of a marriage or refuses to cooperate in officially acknowledging it, California Family Code § 309 allows the other spouse to ask a court to formally recognize the marriage. Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 309 deals with situations where one - [308](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/308-2/) - California Family Code § 308: Recognition of Out-of-State Marriages Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 308 is a rule that tells us when California will recognize marriages that happen outside of California. In simple terms, if you get married in another state or another country, and that marriage is legal and valid in that place, - [2601](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2601-2/) - California Family Code § 2601: Awarding Community Property to One Spouse Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2601 allows a divorce court to give a particular community property asset entirely to one spouse, instead of splitting the asset in half, when there are sound economic reasons to do so. In such cases, the judge must make - [3910](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3910-2/) - California Family Code § 3910: Support for Adult Children with Disabilities Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 3910 requires parents to support an adult child who cannot support themselves due to a disability. In plain terms, if a child (no matter how old) is incapacitated from earning a living (for example, because of a physical - [3901](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3901-2/) - California Family Code § 3901: Duty to Support Adult Child Who Is a Full-Time High School Student Plain-Language Summary Under California Family Code § 3901, a parent’s legal obligation to pay child support normally ends when the child turns 18 years old, but there is an important exception: if the 18-year-old child is still an - [3585](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3585-2/) - California Family Code § 3585: Child Support Provisions Are Separate and Severable Plain-Language Summary Explanation: California Family Code § 3585 ensures that any agreement between parents about child support is treated independently from other divorce terms like property division or spousal support. In simple terms, the child support part of a marital settlement or divorce - [125](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/125-2/) - California Family Code § 125: Quasi-Community Property Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 125 defines quasi-community property as property a married couple acquired while living in another state that would have been community property if they had been living in California at the time. In plain terms, if a couple moves to California and later - [92](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/92-2/) - California Family Code § 92: Family Support Plain-Language Summary Family Code § 92 defines “family support” as a combined support arrangement that covers both child support and spousal support in one overall sum. In simple terms, instead of specifying separate amounts for child support and for spousal support, a family support order or agreement bundles them - [Mohler](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/mohler/) - California Family Law Concept: Mohler Pro Tanto Rule Concept: Mohler Pro Tanto Rule Citation: In re Marriage of Mohler (2020) 47 Cal.App.5th 788; Family Code § 771(a) (post-separation earnings are separate property); In re Marriage of Moore (1980) 28 Cal.3d 366; In re Marriage of Marsden (1982) 130 Cal.App.3d 426. Explanation: The Mohler “pro tanto” - [Watts](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/watts/) - California Family Law Concept: Watts Charge Concept: Watts Charge Citation: In re Marriage of Watts (1985) 171 Cal.App.3d 366 (California Court of Appeal); Family Code § 2626 (authority for post-separation reimbursements); In re Marriage of Jeffries (1991) 228 Cal.App.3d 548 (applying Watts). Relevant Rulings: The Watts rule originates from Watts, where the court held that - [Stallworth](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/stallworth/) - California Family Law Concept: Stallworth Order Concept: Stallworth Order Citation: In re Marriage of Stallworth (1987) 192 Cal.App.3d 742 (Cal. Ct. App.) – Spousal support order without a fixed termination date; see also Fam. Code § 4336 (court retains spousal support jurisdiction indefinitely for marriages of long duration, generally 10+ years). Explanation: A Stallworth Order - [2604](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2604-2/) - California Family Code § 2604 – Award of Community Estate to One Spouse When Other Spouse Is Missing Plain-Language Summary What It Says: Family Code § 2604 allows a court to give all of the marital community property to one spouse in a divorce or legal separation if two conditions are met: (1) the total - [Richmond](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/richmond/) - Richmond Order in California Family Law Explanation: A Richmond Order is a type of spousal support arrangement in California that sets a specific future date when support will end unless the supported spouse takes action to extend it. In practical terms, the court orders that spousal support will automatically terminate on a given date (along - [Gavron](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/gavron/) - California Family Law Concept: Gavron Warning Concept: Gavron Warning Citation: In re Marriage of Gavron (1988) 203 Cal.App.3d 705; Family Code § 4330(b) (codifying the Gavron rule; see also Family Code §§ 4320 & 4336). Explanation: A Gavron Warning is a notice given by a California family court to a spouse receiving spousal support (alimony) - [Brown](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/brown/) - California Family Law Concept: Brown Rights Concept: “Brown Rights” refers to the community property interest in a spouse’s retirement benefits earned during marriage, as established by the California Supreme Court’s decision in In re Marriage of Brown. In essence, Brown Rights ensure that both spouses have an equal claim to the portion of retirement pension - [2626](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2626-2/) - California Family Code § 2626: Reimbursement for Debts Paid After Separation Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2626 ensures that when one spouse pays a community debt after the spouses have separated but before the divorce trial, the court can order reimbursement from the other spouse as part of the property division. In simpler terms, - [Epstein Credits](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/epstein-credits/) - California Family Law Concept: Epstein Credits Concept: Epstein Credits Citation: In re Marriage of Epstein (1979) 24 Cal.3d 76 [154 Cal.Rptr. 413]; Family Code §2626 Explanation: Epstein Credits are a form of reimbursement one spouse can claim when they use their own separate funds after separation to pay community expenses or debts. Each spouse is - [Moore/Marsden](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/moore-marsden/) - Concept: Moore/Marsden Citation: In re Marriage of Moore (1980) 28 Cal.3d 366, 168 Cal.Rptr. 662, 618 P.2d 208; In re Marriage of Marsden (1982) 130 Cal.App.3d 426, 181 Cal.Rptr. 910. Explanation: The Moore/Marsden concept is a California family law doctrine that determines the community property interest in a home or other real estate that was - [100 Family Terms - B](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/100-b/) - BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD Definition: The mandatory legal standard that a California court must apply when making any decision or order regarding the custody, visitation, or welfare of a minor child. The court's primary concern in applying this standard is the child’s **health, safety, and welfare**, with a secondary goal of ensuring **frequent and - [100 Family Terms - A](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/100-a/) - ABANDONMENT Definition: The legal term for one parent willfully deserting a child, or one spouse deserting the other, and ceasing to provide care, support, or communication for a specified period. In California family law, it is a significant factor in proceedings to terminate parental rights, which allows a child to be adopted without the parent's - [Divorce Pleadings](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorce-pleadings/) - Divorce Pleadings (Yes, we prepare all of these pleadings) Initiation FL-100 Petition—Marriage/Domestic Partnership: Starts the divorce (dissolution) or legal separation case. It identifies the parties, marriage details, and the issues the petitioner wants the court to address (e.g., property division, support, child custody). Authority: “A proceeding for dissolution of marriage ... is commenced by filing - [Child Support Calculator](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/child-support-calculator/) - [Eviction Pleadings](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/eviction-pleadings/) - Pre-Filing (Served Notices) 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit: Demands payment of overdue rent within three days or surrender of possession before an unlawful detainer (UD) may be filed. Authority: “When the tenant continues in possession … after default in the payment of rent … and three days’ notice … requiring its payment … - [Judge Robin L. Wolfe](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-robin-wolfe/) - Judge Robin L. Wolfe Robin L. Wolfe was appointed to the Tulare County Superior Court in 2017 and currently presides over misdemeanor cases in the South County. Her background includes service as both a public defender and a prosecutor. Key highlights of her education and career are outlined below. Education and Bar Admission Earned her - [4057](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/4057-2/) - California Family Code § 4057: Rebuttable Presumption & Exceptions to Guideline Plain-Language Summary Family Code § 4057 says the statewide guideline amount (calculated under § 4055) is presumed correct, but that presumption can be rebutted if applying the formula would be unjust or inappropriate in a particular case—consistent with the policy principles in § 4053—and - [Judge Jason Taylor](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-jason-taylor/) - Judge Jason Taylor Education: Juris Doctor, San Joaquin College of Law (Clovis). Bar Admission: California State Bar, 2013. Courtroom Assignment: Tulare County Superior Court – Department 13 (Visalia, Northern Division, Family Law). Political Affiliation: No Party Preference. Appointment: Appointed by Governor Newsom in February 2025 (sworn in March 10, 2025). Background Jason Taylor is a - [4055](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/4055-2/) - California Family Code § 4055: Child Support Guideline Formula Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 4055 contains California’s mandatory guideline formula for calculating child support. The formula is: CS = K[HN - (H%)(TN)] Where CS is the support amount; HN is the high earner’s net monthly disposable income; H% is the high earner’s approximate timeshare; - [2024](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2024-3/) - California Family Code § 4055: Child Support Guideline Formula Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 4055 contains California’s mandatory guideline formula for calculating child support. The formula is: CS = K[HN - (H%)(TN)] Where CS is the support amount; HN is the high earner’s net monthly disposable income; H% is the high earner’s approximate timeshare; - [Judge Douglas “Doug” Rodgers](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-douglas-rodgers/) - Judge Douglas “Doug” Rodgers Education B.A., University of California, Berkeley J.D., University of San Francisco School of Law (2003) Rodgers earned his undergraduate degree at UC Berkeley before attending law school at the University of San Francisco, where he received his Juris Doctor in 2003. This education prepared him for his career as a prosecutor - [4053](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/4053-2/) - California Family Code § 4053: Child Support Guiding Principles Plain-Language Summary Family Code § 4053 lists the core policies courts must follow when setting child support under California’s statewide uniform guideline. In short: the child’s interests are the state’s top priority; both parents share responsibility; support is tied to each parent’s actual income, time-share, and - [Judge Nathan Leedy](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-nathan-leedy/) - Judge Nathan G. Leedy Education: University of California, Santa Barbara (B.A.); University of San Diego School of Law (J.D.) Bar Admission: Admitted to the California State Bar in 2003 (Bar No. 227355) Appointment: Appointed by Governor Jerry Brown on June 28, 2016 (succeeding Judge Lloyd L. Hicks) Legal Career: Tulare County Public Defender’s Office (Deputy - [Judge Sara Bratsch](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-sara-bratsch/) - Judge Sara Bratsch B.A., University of Southern California; J.D., Thomas Jefferson School of Law (1995). Admitted to the California State Bar in 1997 (Bar No. 188238). Appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom on June 27, 2023, to a newly created judgeship in Tulare County Superior Court. Former Tulare County prosecutor (Deputy District Attorney, later Supervising Deputy - [3900](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3900-2/) - California Family Code § 3900: Parental Duty to Support Minor Children Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 3900 imposes a baseline rule: both parents share an equal responsibility to support their minor child “in the manner suitable to the child’s circumstances.” It applies regardless of marital status. The section establishes the duty; separate provisions (e.g., - [Judge John Bianco](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-john-bianco/) - Judge John P. Bianco Education Judge John P. Bianco completed his undergraduate studies in California. He earned a Bachelor of Business Administration from Santa Clara University in 1986. He then attended Whittier Law School, receiving his Juris Doctor in 1994. In law school, he served as editor-in-chief of the law review. This education prepared him - [Judge Ricky Tripp](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-ricky-tripp/) - Judge Ricky Tripp Appointed by: Governor Gavin Newsom (December 2020) Education: San Joaquin College of Law (J.D., 2001) Bar admission: California (admitted 2001) Courtroom assignment: Department 10, Visalia Division (North County criminal jurisdiction) Primary case types: Felony criminal cases (North County) Prior legal experience: Tulare County Superior Court Commissioner (2019–2020); Supervising Deputy District Attorney, Tulare - [721](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/721-2/) - California Family Code § 721: Fiduciary Duties Between Spouses Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 721 says that spouses must deal with each other with the highest good faith and fair dealing. In transactions between themselves, neither spouse may take unfair advantage of the other. The statute aligns spousal duties with those of business partners—requiring - [Judge Bret D. Hillman](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-bret-hillman/) - Judge Bret D. Hillman Educational Background Bret D. Hillman earned his undergraduate degree at Stanford University and went on to receive a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Santa Clara University School of Law in 1985. He completed his law studies in the mid-1980s before beginning his legal career in Tulare County. Legal and Professional Career 1986–1989: - [Judge David C. Mathias](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-david-mathias/) - Judge David C. Mathias Education David C. Mathias earned his B.A. from Occidental College in 1986. He went on to receive his J.D. from the University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law in 1994. These degrees prepared him for a career in law and eventual judicial service in California. Legal Career After law - [Commissioner Mikki Verissimo](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-commissioner-mikki-verissimo/) - Commissioner Mikki Verissimo Education Michelle “Mikki” Verissimo earned her undergraduate degree (B.S. in Liberal Arts) from the University of Maryland. She then attended Southwestern University School of Law in Los Angeles, where she obtained her J.D. Verissimo was admitted to the California Bar in early 2005 (state bar license #235682), indicating she completed law school - [Judge Jennifer Conn Shirk](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-jennifer-conn-shirk/) - Judge Jennifer Conn Shirk Key Facts Education: A.A. in Communications (College of the Sequoias, 1977); B.A. in Political Science (University of California, Berkeley, 1980); J.D. (University of San Diego School of Law, 1986). Legal Career: Over 20 years in private practice (1986–2007) in Visalia, including partnership at Paden, Conn & Sullivan (1989–1996) and later a - [Judge Frank Ruiz](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-frank-ruiz/) - Judge Frank Ruiz Education: Juris Doctor, Seattle University School of Law (class of 2013). (Undergraduate degree and institution not publicly reported.) Legal Career: Deputy County Counsel at the Kings County Counsel’s Office (2014–2025); earlier in 2014 served as an associate attorney for the Children’s Advocacy Group (Riverside) and as a volunteer deputy public defender in - [Commissioner Jon Riesenbeck](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-commissioner-jon-riesenbeck/) - Commissioner Jon Riesenbeck Factual Summary Current Position: Commissioner (family law/child support) at Tulare County Superior Court, appointed August 2025. Education: Bachelor’s degrees in History and Classical Civilization (UCLA); J.D. from UCLA School of Law. Military Service: United States Marine Corps veteran. Legal Career: Approximately 20 years of experience; Senior Attorney at Tulare County Department of - [Judge Antonio A. Reyes](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-antonio-reyes/) - Judge Antonio A. Reyes Judge, Tulare County Superior Court (Department 5, Visalia – North County) Appointed by Gov. Jerry Brown on May 21, 2013 (succeeding Judge Gerald F. Sevier) Last elected November 2016 (unopposed); current term expires 2028 Education: J.D., Santa Clara University School of Law (1977); B.A., St. Mary’s College of California Legal career: - [Judge Melinda Reed](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-melinda-reed/) - Judge Melinda Reed Quick Facts Education: J.D., University of La Verne School of Law (1979); B.S. in Police Science, Northern Arizona University (1976). Bar Admission: Admitted to the California State Bar (circa 1979). Legal Career (pre-bench): Associate attorney in private practice (1979–1980); Deputy District Attorney, Tulare County (1980–1992); Assistant District Attorney, Tulare County (1992–1993). - [1615](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/1613-2/) - California Family Code § 1615: Enforceability of Premarital (Prenuptial) Agreements Plain-Language Explanation: California Family Code Section 1615 sets the conditions under which a written premarital agreement is enforceable. In simple terms, it says an agreement cannot be enforced if the spouse challenging it proves either that they did not sign it voluntarily (for example, they - [Judge Gary Johnson](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-gary-johnson/) - Judge Gary Johnson Education: B.S. from University of California, Davis; J.D. from the University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law. Bar Admission: Admitted to the California State Bar in 1995. Professional Background: Served as a Deputy District Attorney in the Tulare County District Attorney’s Office prior to becoming a judge. Judicial Appointment: Appointed to - [Judge Tara K. James](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-tara-james/) - Judge Tara K. James Education and Bar Admission Tara K. James earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of California, Berkeley, and her Juris Doctor from the University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law. Following law school, she was admitted to the State Bar of California in the mid-1990s (precise date not - [1612](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/1612-2/) - California Family Code § 1612 – Premarital Agreements Overview of Permissible Agreement Topics Section 1612 of the California Family Code lists what prospective spouses can include in a premarital agreement. In plain language, it lets couples decide in advance how to handle their property and financial matters. They can define ownership of any property (present - [Judge Nathan D. Ide](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-nathan-ide/) - Judge Nathan D. Ide Education: B.A. from University of California, Berkeley; J.D. from Santa Clara University School of Law. Bar Admission: Admitted to the California State Bar in January 1997. Judicial Appointment: Appointed June 18, 2014 by Governor Jerry Brown to the Tulare County Superior Court, filling the vacancy created by the retirement of Judge - [1610](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/1610-2/) - Registered and Bonded Legal Document Assistance Bakersfield Paralegal & Legal Document Preparation California court paperwork prepared at your direction for family law, evictions, restraining orders, guardianships, conservatorships, probate, name changes, and related matters. Important Notice: We are not attorneys. We do not provide legal advice. We do not represent you in court. We prepare - [Judge Sylvia J. Hanna](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-judge-sylvia-j-hanna/) - Judge Sylvia J. Hanna Education: Bachelor of Science from the University of California, Riverside (1999); Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Notre Dame Law School (2003). Bar Admission: Admitted to the California State Bar in 2003 (Bar #227982). Appointment: Appointed as a Tulare County Superior Court judge on November 29, 2021, by Governor Gavin Newsom, filling the - [Judge John P. Bianco](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tulare-county-judge-john-bianco/) - Judge John P. Bianco Key Facts Appointed to the Tulare County Superior Court in June 2016 by Governor Jerry Brown. Education: Juris Doctor (Whittier Law School, 1994); Bachelor of Business Administration (Santa Clara University, 1986). Legal career: Sole owner and attorney at the Bianco Law Firm (Visalia) from 1994 until his judicial appointment. Court assignment: - [Judge Ackerknecht](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/commissioner-ackerknecht/) - Judge Sally Ackerknecht Education and Early Career Sally Ackerknecht earned her Juris Doctor at California Western School of Law in San Diego (graduating in 2009). After law school she briefly entered private practice before transitioning into public service. Legal Career Associate Attorney, Law Offices of Stephen G. Cline (2011) – Began her legal practice in - [Judge Bradshaw](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-bradshaw/) - Judge Eric Bradshaw Education: Graduated West High School (Bakersfield); earned a B.A. in History & Political Science from California State University, Chico (1980) and a J.D. from California Western School of Law, San Diego (1984). Professional career: Civil litigator and business law attorney in Bakersfield for 22 years; associate at Borton, Petrini & Conron (1985–1987) - [Commissioner Cervantes](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/commissioner-cervantes/) - Commissioner Gina Cervantes Earned B.A. in Psychology (California State University, Fresno, 1996) and J.D. from California Pacific School of Law (Bakersfield). Admitted to the California State Bar in May 2004. Practiced civil law in private firms: Associate at Borton Petrini, LLP (2002–2010) and at Thomas Anton & Associates (2011–2015); briefly ran her own law office - [Judge Moran](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-moran/) - Commissioner Kevin Moran Education: B.A., Dartmouth College; J.D., UCLA School of Law. Legal Background: 15 years as a Deputy Public Defender in Kern County, supervising other attorneys and handling serious felony cases. Appointment: Appointed Superior Court Commissioner by Kern County judges; sworn in on July 31, 2023. Courtroom Assignment: Family law division (Department C) at - [Cuper](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-cuper/) - Judge Marcus Cuper Education: Bachelor’s degree from Rutgers University; Juris Doctor from Southwestern University School of Law Judicial Appointment: Appointed to the Kern County Superior Court by Governor Gavin Newsom on June 27, 2023 Prior Career: Deputy District Attorney, Kern County (2008–2023) Courtroom Assignment: Department 1A, Metropolitan Division – Felony Calendar (Floating/Utility Judge) Background and - [Judge Griffith](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-griffith/) - Judge Donald B. Griffith Education: Bachelor’s degree from California State University, Fullerton; J.D. from California Southern Law School. Appointment: Appointed (interim) as Kern County Superior Court Judge in 2024 (elected to a term beginning January 2025). Assignment: Family Law division (Division B) of the Kern County Superior Court, Metropolitan Justice Building (Bakersfield). Background and Education - [Judge Gill](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-gill/) - Judge Susan Gill Quick Facts Education: B.A. in history and English from the University of Southern California (1980); J.D. from Loyola Law School (1983). Judicial Appointment: Appointed to the Kern County Superior Court by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on December 30, 2009; took the bench in early 2010. Current Assignment: Assistant Supervising Judge of the Juvenile - [Judge Green, James](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-james-green/) - Commissioner James Green Education: B.A. in History, University of Michigan (1992); J.D., University of Chicago Law School (1995). Bar Admission: California Bar (1999). Judicial Appointment: Court Commissioner, Kern County Superior Court (appointed 2024). Courtroom Assignment: Traffic Calendar, Department T1 (Bakersfield). Background and Education James Bradley Green earned a Bachelor of Arts in History from the - [Judge King](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-king/) - Judge Bradley King Current Role: Appointed Judge of the Kern County Superior Court (October 5, 2023); term ends 2029. Education: Juris Doctor (J.D.), Loyola Law School – Los Angeles. (Undergraduate institution not publicly listed.) Prior Career: Deputy District Attorney, Kern County (2015–2023); Deputy District Attorney, Orange County (2012–2015); Law Clerk, Los Angeles County District Attorney’s - [Judge Louie](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-louie/) - Judge Chad Louie Judge Chad Allen Louie serves in Department 10 (Felony Criminal) at the Kern County Superior Court in Bakersfield. Education: B.S. in mechanical engineering from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; J.D. from Loyola Law School (Los Angeles). Career: Veteran prosecutor – served over a decade as a Deputy District Attorney in Kern County - [Judge McNamara](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-mcnamara/) - Judge Brian McNamara Education: Brian McNamara earned a BA from the University of Stirling (Scotland), an MS and PhD in Sport Management from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and a JD from Newport University School of Law. Legal & Academic Career: He was a sole criminal law practitioner beginning in the late 1990s and - [Judge Myers](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-myers/) - Commissioner Brett V. Myers Education: Juris Doctor (J.D.), Whittier School of Law, 1994. (Undergraduate institution not publicly documented.) Career: Admitted to California Bar in 1994; practiced law privately from 1996 to 2017 (Law Offices of Brett V. Myers, focusing on civil litigation, probate and family law). Served as Senior Research Attorney in the Kern County - [Judge Marquez](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-marquez/) - Judge Raymonda B. Marquez Judge of the Kern County Superior Court (Bakersfield), currently sitting in the Metropolitan Division’s Family Law department. Education: B.A. in History of Public Policy from UC Santa Barbara; J.D. from Santa Clara University School of Law. Early career: Joined the Kern County Public Defender’s office in 1997 (the first woman to - [Judge Norris](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-norris/) - Judge Christie Norris Christie Canales Norris earned a Bachelor’s degree from Pomona College and a J.D. from the University of Iowa College of Law. She began her legal career as an associate at Malcolm Cisneros (2010–2011) and then served as a deputy public defender in Kern County (2011–2013). From 2013 until her appointment, Norris operated - [Judge Pacione](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-pacione/) - Judge Lisa Pacione Education: Bachelor’s degree from UCLA; Juris Doctor (J.D., 2002) and Master of Laws (LL.M.) from Pepperdine University School of Law. Legal career (pre-bench): Nearly two decades as a family law attorney in Lancaster (Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County), operating a solo practice (Pacione Law Firm) from 2002–2021, focusing on divorce, child custody/support, - [Judge Rodriguez](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-rodriguez/) - Judge Elizabet Rodriguez Education: Bachelor’s degree from California State University, Bakersfield; Juris Doctor (J.D., 2005) from Western State University College of Law (Fullerton). Judicial Appointment: Appointed by California Governor Gavin Newsom on July 9, 2021, to the Kern County Superior Court (seat vacated by retiring Judge John L. Fielder). Prior Career: Over 15 years of - [Judge Richard](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-richard/) - Judge Tanya R. Richard Education: Bachelor’s degree from the University of New Orleans; Juris Doctor from Loyola University New Orleans, College of Law. Early Legal Career: Longtime Kern County public defender – Deputy Public Defender (2008–2020), Chief Deputy Public Defender (2020–2022) and Assistant Public Defender (2022–2023). Judicial Appointment: Appointed to the Kern County Superior Court - [Commissioner Robertson](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/commissioner-robertson/) - Commissioner Murray J. Robertson Position: Superior Court Commissioner, Kern County (Mojave/Ridgecrest) – sworn in December 2022 Education: B.A., University of Arizona (1989); J.D., UCLA School of Law (1992) Prior Experience: Early career as law clerk and research attorney in Los Angeles County courts; litigator at Haight, Brown & Bonesteel (Los Angeles); Senior Attorney, Kern County - [3020](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3020-2/) - California Family Code § 3020: Best Interests of the Child Overview of Section 3020 California Family Code § 3020 sets forth the state's public policy for determining child custody and visitation. The primary focus is the health, safety, and welfare of the child. It also encourages children to have frequent and continuing contact with both - [Judge Organ-Bowles](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-organ-bowles/) - Judge Tiffany Organ-Bowles Education: Obtained Juris Doctor from the University of Mississippi School of Law (2004). Legal Career: Spent about 11 years as a Deputy District Attorney in Kern County (mid-2000s through 2016), mainly handling juvenile cases. Judicial Elections: Elected to Kern County Superior Court (Office 34) in 2016, defeating the incumbent; began serving in - [Judge Perkins](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-perkins/) - Judge Keenan Perkins Current Position: Judge, Kern County Superior Court (appointed 2024) Education: B.A. in Public Administration, California State University, Bakersfield; J.D., Southwestern University School of Law (2004) Prior Career: Deputy Public Defender in Kern County (2007–2011); solo law practice in Bakersfield (2012–2023); Court Commissioner (2023) Judicial Appointment: Named to the Kern County Superior Court - [Judge Pulskamp](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-pulskamp/) - Judge Gregory Pulskamp Kern County Superior Court Judge since 2018 (appointed by Gov. Jerry Brown; term ends in 2027; first Muslim-American judge in the county). Education: Bachelor of Science from Boston College (1990); Juris Doctor from University of San Diego School of Law (1993). Legal career: Associate at Clifford & Brown (1993–1996); Deputy District Attorney, - [Judge Schlaerth](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-schlaerth/) - Judge William J. Schlaerth Education: B.A. in History from UCLA; J.D. from Loyola Law School (Los Angeles). Bar Admission: Admitted in California in 2002 (State Bar No. 219856). Legal Career: Nearly two decades as a Kern County prosecutor (Deputy District Attorney). Served as a Supervising DDA in major units (including the Prisons Unit). Prosecuted dozens - [Judge Smith](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-smith/) - Judge Mark Smith Position: Judge of the Superior Court of Kern County (assumed office January 2, 2023; term expires January 8, 2029). Education: B.A. in Economics and Government, Claremont McKenna College (magna cum laude); J.D., UCLA School of Law (1992). Legal Experience: ~30 years of civil litigation experience. Served as an associate at Sonnenschein Nath - [Judge Stainfield](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-stainfield/) - Judge Bryan K. Stainfield Education: B.A. from University of California, San Diego; J.D. (1986) from University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law. Appointment: Appointed to the Kern County Superior Court in March 2009 by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (R). Pre-Judicial Career: Kern County Deputy District Attorney (1987–1990, 2000–2009); Deputy City Attorney for Oakland (1997–2000); private - [Judge Twisselman](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-twisselman/) - Judge Kenneth C. Twisselman II Education: B.S., University of California, Davis (1974, psychology); J.D., UC Hastings College of the Law (San Francisco, 1977). Appointment: Appointed to the Kern County Superior Court by Governor George Deukmejian on April 22, 1988; subsequently re-elected (unopposed) in 2014 and 2020. Current term runs through January 2027. Pre-judicial career: Practiced - [Judge Webster](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-webster/) - Judge Jason W. Webster Appointment: Appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom on December 8, 2020 (to a newly created seat); assumed office in 2020. Currently serving first full term (reelected 2022, term expires January 8, 2029). Education: Juris Doctor (J.D.), Baylor University School of Law (2003). Prior Career: Associate at Andrus & Associates (2004–2005); Deputy District - [3040](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3040-2/) - California Family Code § 3040 – Order of Preference in Child Custody Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 3040 sets out a hierarchy for who should get custody of a child after parents separate. In simple terms, the court starts by considering the parents first. It may award custody jointly to both parents or to - [70](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/70-2/) - California Family Code § 70 – “Date of Separation” Plain-Language Explanation California Family Code § 70 defines the “date of separation” as the date when a marriage has fully ended, marked by both spouses: first, one spouse telling the other that they want out, and second, that spouse acting consistently with ending the marriage. In - [3044](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3044-2/) - California Family Code § 3044 – Presumption Against Custody for Domestic Abusers Plain-Language Summary of Family Code § 3044 Intent of the law: California Family Code § 3044 is designed to protect children and survivors of domestic violence. It recognizes that children’s health, safety, and welfare are put at risk when a parent has a - [760](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/760-2/) - California Family Code § 760: The Community Property Presumption Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 760 establishes California’s fundamental community property presumption. In simple terms, this law says that any property acquired by a married person during the marriage (while living in California) belongs equally to both spouses. It doesn’t matter whether the asset is - [3011](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/3011-2/) - California Family Code § 3011 – Best Interests of the Child In California, all child custody decisions must be based on the child’s “best interests,” as set out in Family Code § 3011. Under this law, courts focus on the child’s health, safety, and welfare above all else. The judge considers a wide range of - [6218](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/6218-2/) - California Family Code § 6218 – Definition of “Protective Order” (DVPA) Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 6218 is part of the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (DVPA). It tells courts and parties what a “protective order” means in DVPA cases. In short, a protective order is any restraining order issued under the DVPA that: Enjoins - [2024](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/2024-2/) - California Family Code § 2024: Automatic Injunction Plain-Language Summary California Family Code § 2024 is a notice requirement. The law mandates that any divorce (dissolution or annulment) petition and any final divorce judgment include a printed warning. 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Judicial Appointment: Elected as a Judge of the Kern County Superior Court in November - [Judge Dulcich](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-dulcich/) - Judge Judith K. Dulcich Education: B.A. from San Diego State University; J.D. from University of San Diego School of Law. Appointed: 2007 to the Kern County Superior Court by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Years on Bench: 2007–present (18 years of judicial service). Prior Legal Experience: 17-year career as Deputy District Attorney in Kern County (1990–2007). Court - [Judge Lua](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-lua/) - Judge John W. Lua Law School: Whittier Law School (J.D.) Year Appointed to Bench: 2010 Appointing Governor: Arnold Schwarzenegger Prior Legal Experience: 11 years (Kern County Deputy District Attorney, 1999–2010) Years on the Bench: 15 years (2010–present) Election History: Re-elected in 2012, 2018, and 2024 (unopposed; automatic retention each term) Leadership Roles: Presiding Judge (2025-present); - [Judge Zulfa](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-zulfa/) - Judge David Zulfa Position: Judge, Superior Court of California, Kern County (Metropolitan Division – Dept. 18, Felony Calendar) Appointed: 2014 by Governor Jerry Brown; sworn in January 2015 Prior Experience: Kern County Deputy District Attorney (2002–2014); Clifford & Brown (2000–2002) Education: B.A. in Communications, CSUB (1991); J.D., California Pacific School of Law Recognition: CSU Bakersfield - [Judge Wolf](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-wolf/) - Judge David Wolf Law School: Loyola Law School, Los Angeles Year Appointed: 2015 Appointing Governor: Jerry Brown Prior Legal Experience: Deputy District Attorney, Kern County; Supervising Attorney Courtroom Assignment: Family Law Division Reputation: Fair, detail-oriented, and knowledgeable in family law issues Education and Early Legal Background Judge David Wolf earned his Juris Doctor from Loyola - [Judge Bush](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-bush/) - Judge Michael Bush Law School: San Joaquin College of Law Year Appointed: 2005 Appointing Governor: Arnold Schwarzenegger Prior Legal Experience: Defense attorney in private practice; Judge Advocate General (JAG), U.S. Army Courtroom Assignment: Felony Trial Courtroom, Bakersfield Reputation: Strong command of courtroom, efficient case manager, and disciplined demeanor Education and Legal Background Michael Bush earned - [Kern County Courts](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/kern-county-courts/) - Court Locations Kern County has multiple court locations. We serve all locations in the county and prepare paperwork for cases throughout California. Cases are generally filed in the closest courthouse to the location of the litigants, but there are some exceptions for family law cases. The following guidelines are for cases in Kern County. 1. - [Judge Cannon](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-cannon/) - Judge Gloria J. Cannon Education: Earned a B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley, and a J.D. from California Western School of Law in San Diego. Year of Judicial Appointment: 2017. Appointing Governor: Appointed to the Kern County Superior Court by Governor Jerry Brown. Legal Experience (Pre-Bench): Served as a Deputy Public Defender in the - [Judge Childers](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-childers/) - Judge Stephanie Childers Education: Bachelor’s degree from California State University, Bakersfield; Juris Doctor from California Pacific School of Law (Bakersfield). Year of Appointment: 2023 (appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom). Prior Legal Experience: Sole practitioner in Bakersfield from 1996 to 2023, specializing in family law and frequently serving as court-appointed minors’ counsel in custody disputes. Years - [Judge McKnight](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-mcknight/) - Judge Cole McKnight Education: B.S. in Biology from California State University, Bakersfield; M.S. in Genetics from University of California, Davis; J.D. from University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law (2007). Judicial Appointment: Assumed office in 2025. Appointing Governor: Not applicable – elected by county voters (open seat). Pre-Bench Legal Career: 17-year prosecutor with the - [Judge Camacho](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-camacho/) - Judge Marcos R. Camacho Educational Background: Completed California’s Law Office Study Program (legal apprenticeship) in 1986 instead of attending a traditional law school (became a licensed attorney without a J.D.). Year of Judicial Appointment: 2014 Appointing Governor: Edmund G. “Jerry” Brown Jr. Legal Experience Before Judgeship: Over 25 years as an attorney, including serving as - [Judge Brownlee](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-brownlee/) - Judge John R. Brownlee Judge of the Superior Court of Kern County (California) since 2007, overseeing felony criminal cases. Appointed to the bench in June 2007 by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Re-elected without opposition in 2016 and 2022; current term expires January 8, 2029. Previously served as a Deputy District Attorney in Kern County from 1990 - [Judge Bittleston](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-bittleston/) - Judge Dawn Bittleston Current Position: Judge, Superior Court of California, County of Kern (2023–present) Current Assignment: Family Law (Division E), Metropolitan Division (Bakersfield) Appointed: June 27, 2023 (by Governor Gavin Newsom) Assumed Office: July 7, 2023 Term Expires: January 6, 2031 (elected March 2024) Previous Roles: Court Commissioner, Kern County Superior Court (2018–2023); Senior Court - [Judge Benavides](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-benavides/) - Judge Jose R. Benavides Current Position: Judge, Superior Court of Kern County, California (2010–Present) Education: B.A. from University of California, Los Angeles (1979); J.D. from UCLA School of Law (1982) Appointed to Bench: 2010, by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger Previous Legal Roles: Sole practitioner in Bakersfield (1997–2010); associate and partner positions in various California law firms - [Judge Avila](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-avila/) - Judge Wendy L. Avila Education: Earned her B.A. in English from the University of California, Santa Barbara and a Juris Doctor from the University of San Francisco School of Law. Judicial Appointment: Appointed to the Kern County Superior Court in December 2020 by Governor Gavin Newsom, filling the vacancy left by retiring Judge Steven M. - [Judge Barmann](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/judge-barmann/) - Judge Bernard C. Barmann, Jr. Education: Bachelor’s degree in Economics-Accounting from Claremont McKenna College (cum laude); Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School (1990). Judicial Appointment: Appointed to the Kern County Superior Court in December 2020 by Governor Gavin Newsom. Legal Career: Over 30 years of experience in civil litigation, including roles at O'Melveny & Myers - [Naughty Pictures May Cost You](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/naughty-pictures-may-cost-you/) - Unwanted Obscene Images California Civil Code §1708.88 allows a person to sue an adult if the adult knowingly sends an unsolicited obscene image or video to someone by electronic means. Key Definitions Image: Any visual content, including photos and moving videos. Obscene material: Content showing sexual acts or exposed genitals/anus that, taken as a whole: - [Married with children](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/married-with-children/) - [ninja_form id=18] - [Information for Process Server](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/information-for-process-server/) - [ninja_form id=16] - [Criminal](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/criminal-case-information/) - [ninja_form id=9] - [Landlord / Tenant Information](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/landlord-tenant-information/) - [ninja_form id=6] - [Guardianship](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/information-about-children/) - [ninja_form id=5] - [Restraining Order](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/information-about-violence/) - [ninja_form id=4] - [Estate Planning](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/estate-planning/) - [ninja_form id=17] - [Divorce - No children or support](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/divorce-information/) - [ninja_form id=2] - [Probate - No will](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/probate/) - [ninja_form id=15] - [Name Change](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/name-change/) - [ninja_form id=13] - [Custody](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/custody/) - [ninja_form id=12] - [Income and Expense](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/income-and-expense/) - [ninja_form id=10] - [Glossary](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/glossary/) - Family Law Legal Glossary (English + Spanish) ABANDONMENT - CHILD Definition: In family law, a parent's intentional failure to provide reasonable care, supervision, or contact with a child for a statutory period, often grounds for dependency findings or termination of parental rights. Explanation: A parent leaves a child without care or contact long enough that - [Contracts](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/contracts/) - This contract is required by, and the language of the contract comes from, California Code of Regulations §3950 This is a contract between you and one of the Licensed Document Assistants (LDA) in our office. The name of the LDA is specified in the "Summary of Contract." LEGAL DOCUMENT ASSISTANT CONTRACT FOR SELF-HELP SERVICES This - [Arte](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/arte/) - Arte de la Oficina Cada obra de arte en nuestra oficina tiene una historia. Esperamos que disfrutes de las historias detrás del arte y te invitamos a compartir tus pensamientos y sugerir otras obras de arte. Dama Justicia en Bronce Lady Justice deriva de la diosa egipcia Ma'at, que personificaba la verdad, el equilibrio - [Revisión de ley](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/revision-de-ley/) - Advertencia: Estos artículos pueden no contener la versión más reciente de la ley relevante, y los artículos pueden contener errores, omisiones y errores. No hacemos ninguna garantía sobre la precisión, integridad o adecuación de la información contenida en este sitio o la información vinculada en el sitio del estado. Consulte fuentes oficiales. Órdenes de protección - [¿Quién puede representar a una empresa?](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/quien-puede-representar-a-una-empresa/) - Un Propietario Único Puede Representarse a Sí Mismo en la Corte Corporación Tradicional (C Corp) Una corporación tradicional, a menudo llamada C Corp, es una entidad legal separada de sus propietarios. Las corporaciones pueden generar ganancias, estar sujetas a impuestos y ser legalmente responsables. Ofrecen el nivel más alto de protección de responsabilidad personal para - [Fundamentos de Custodia](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/fundamentos-de-custodia/) - Fundamentos de Custodia - ¿Quién se queda con el niño? Tipos de custodia T Existen dos tipos de custodia: legal y física (Código de Familia §§3002-3007). La "custodia legal" otorga la autoridad y la responsabilidad de tomar decisiones relacionadas con la salud, la educación y el bienestar general del niño (Código de Familia §§3003, 3006). - [Presentacion de Paternidad](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/presentacion-de-paternidad/) - Capacidad para presentar una acción de Paternidad En una acción de "Padre Presunto" Una acción para establecer la existencia o no existencia de la relación padre-hijo bajo el Código de Familia §7611(a)-(c) puede ser presentada por: El niño La madre natural del niño El presunto padre Una agencia de adopción a la que se ha - [Parentesco](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/parentesco/) - Parentesco - ¿Puede presentarse el verdadero padre? Si las partes están casadas, son parejas domésticas registradas o la paternidad ya ha sido determinada, no se requiere una Petición para Determinar la Relación Parental (Formulario FL-200) antes de solicitar órdenes de custodia, manutención o visitas, a menos que una de las partes niegue la relación parental. - [Fundamentos de jurisdicción de custodia](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/fundamentos-de-jurisdiccion-de-custodia/) - Fundamentos de Jurisdicción de Custodia - ¿Dónde se escuchará mi caso? Tribunal de Familia El Código de Familia §3022 establece que "el tribunal puede, durante la tramitación de un procedimiento o en cualquier momento posterior, emitir una orden para la custodia de un menor que parezca necesaria o apropiada". Custody and visitation proceedings under the - [VAWAesp](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/vawaesp/) - Cumplimiento de Órdenes de Protección por Violencia Doméstica Puedes huir. Puedes esconderte. La protección te sigue. Las víctimas de violencia doméstica a menudo se reubican por su seguridad, incluso mudándose de un estado a otro. Sería engorroso y arriesgado solicitar una nueva orden de restricción por violencia doméstica cada vez que una víctima se mudara - [Español](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/espanol/) - Cualificaciones 23 Años en el Negocio. 9 Licenciados. 8 Libros de Derecho publicados. 8 Artículos de Derecho publicados. 7 Cuentas de formas en LawYaw. 3 Licenciados de Derecho. 3 Notarios. 2 Cuentas de Investigación Legal WestLaw. 2 Agentes Inmobiliarios. 1 MCLE aprobado por el colegio de abogados. ¿Quiénes somos? Somos un servicio de Asistencia de - [VAWA](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/vawa/) - Enforcement of Domestic Violence Protective Orders You can run. You can hide. Protection follows. Victims of domestic violence frequently relocate for their safety, including moving from state to state. It would be cumbersome and risky to seek a new domestic violence restraining order each time a victim moves to a new jurisdiction. The Violence Against - [Custody Basics](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/custody-basics/) - Custody Basics - Who gets the kid? Types of custody There are two types of custody: legal and physical (Family Code §§3002-3007). “Legal” custody gives the authority and responsibility for making decisions concerning the child’s health, education, and general welfare (Family Code §§3003, 3006). “Physical” custody, on the other hand, refers to the periods during - [Parentage](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/parentage/) - Parentage - Will the real father please stand up? If the parties are married, are registered domestic partners, or parentage has already been determined, a Petition to Determine Parental Relationship (Form FL-200) is not required prior to seeking custody, support, or visitation orders unless one of the parties is denying the parental relationship. Otherwise, the - [Custody Jurisdiction Basics](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/custody-jurisdiction-basics/) - Custody Jurisdiction Basics - Where will my case be heard? Family Court Family Code §3022 holds that, “The court may, during the pendency of a proceeding or at any time thereafter, make an order for the custody of a child during minority that seems necessary or proper.” Custody and visitation proceedings under the Family Code - [Joshua](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/joshua/) - Congratulations! After Moses died, the Lord directed Joshua to lead Israel into the promised land. During a difficult battle, Joshua asked God to cause the moon and the sun to stand still so that he and his army of Israelites could continue fighting by daylight. God further helped the Israelites by calling up a powerful - [Haberfelde](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/haberfelde/) - Meet our friends in the Haberfelde building. First Floor My Spot Downtown Grill - Delicious food. - [Misc](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/misc/) - Petition-RedactedDownload Petition-redactedDownload - [Art](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/art/) - Office Art Each piece of art in our office has a story. We hope you enjoy the stories behind the art, and we invite you to share your thoughts and suggest other pieces of art. Lady Justice in Bronze Lady Justice derives from the Egyptian goddess Ma’at who personified truth, balance, and order. Later, - [Blog](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/blog/) - [Activate](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/activate/) - [Activity](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/activity/) - [Partner](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/partner/) - We are currently accepting partner applications. How much will I make? Partners generally receive 20% of the retainer on non-criminal cases and 15% of the retainer on criminal cases, but they may receive an additional 10% for cases they bring in. Partners receive additional money for serving papers, acting as a witness, translating, and doing - [Support](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/support/) - This page is under construction. We hope to have it back up by May 5, 2021. - [Bakersfield Paralegal](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/bakersfield-paralegal-2/) - Somos una firma paralegal de SERVICIO COMPLETO en Bakersfield, California, pero ayudamos a clientes en todo California. Bakersfield Paralegal 1706 Chester Ave., 351 Bakersfield, CA 93301 (661) Justice (587-8423) Nuestros servicios incluyen: Alegatos de derecho de familia Todos los primeros documentos impresos (petición, citación, etc.) para las presentaciones iniciales de disolución Divulgaciones (Declaración de ingresos - [Ubicación](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/ubicacion/) - Legal Research Services 1706 Chester Ave., Ste. 351 Bakersfield, California 93301 Phone: 661-Justice (587-8423) La mejor manera de contactarnos es a través de un mensaje de texto porque no contestamos los teléfonos cuando estamos con clientes o en el juzgado. Tenemos nuestras oficinas centrales en Bakersfield, California y estamos disponibles para atender clientes en - [Say Something Nice](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/say/) - Click to say something nice about Bakersfield Paralegal. - [Precios](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/precios/) - Nuestras tarifas para las partes que se representan a sí mismas son generalmente las siguientes: Asuntos de divorcio y derecho familiar: $ 540 Divorcio - Sin hijos menores - Citación, petición y exención de cuotas Respuesta de divorcio de $ 360 - Sin hijos menores - Respuesta y exención de tarifas $ 155 Enmienda de - [Descargo de Responsabilidad](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/descargo-de-responsabilidad/) - Pruebas y Certificación Este sitio no ha sido probado en animales, a excepción de dos gatos. Todas las páginas son libres de gluten, no han sido modificadas genéticamente, son hipoalergénicas, veganas, vegetarianas, kosher, sin glutamato monosódico. Nulas donde estén prohibidas. Ninguna representación o garantía, expresa o implícita, con respecto a la integridad, precisión, idoneidad para - [Property](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/property/) - [ninja_form id=14] - [Form 5](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/guardianship/) - [ninja_form id=5] ## Categories - [Blog](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/category/uncategorized-en/) ## Tags - [You be the judge](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tag/you-be-the-judge/) - [quiz](https://bakersfieldparalegal.com/tag/quiz/)